Excretory system Flashcards
Key structures for the excretory system
Kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Part of the nephron where blood is initially filtered into the nephron and is located within the renal cortex
Renal corpuscle
Water and solutes that will eventually become urine
Filtrate
Pathway of filtrate
Renal tubules -> collecting duct -> tubules in medullary pyramids (drains into minor calyces) -> urine collects in major calyces -> renal pelvis -> ureter
2 muscles that control the release of urine through the urethra
Internal and external urethral sphincters
Internal sphincter is composed of what muscle and controlled by which nervous system
Smooth muscle and controlled by autonomic nervous system
External sphincter is composed of what muscle and controlled by which nervous system
Skeletal and controlled consciously
T or F. Only one sphincter is needed to be open for urine to flow from the urethra
False. Both sphincters are required
Which contains the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule- wraps around the glomerulus
Renal corpuscle
The blood exits the glomerulus through which vessels
Arteriole rather than a venial
Arteriole that carries blood towards the glomerulus. What is the opposite called
Afferent: towards the glomerulus
Efferent: away from glomerulus
Hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus
Pushing fluid outward against the capillary walls - causes some water and small particles to to be pushed or filtered out of the glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule
Small particles that can be filtered into the bowman’s capsule
Water, salts, vitamins, glucose, and amino acids
*Protein will never make it into the filtrate
3 main parts of the renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henley, and distal convoluted tubule
Functions of renal tubule
- Adjusts volume of filtrate
- Reabsorbs valuable nutrients
- Expels waste
PCT main function
Reabsorbs water and valuable nutrients such as glucose and amino acids
How are solutes reabsorbed in the renal tubules
Peritubular capillaries surround them
Glucose concentration in the urine could be a sign of which disease
Diabetes
This dives from the renal cortex into the renal medulla
Loop of henle
This allows for retention of large amounts of water and solutes. This dramatically reduces the volume of urine produced without dramatically changing its concentration
Loop of henle
The renal medulla is mulch more hypertonic which means?
It is solute-rich and solute concentration increases the deeper you go into the medulla
The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to what and impermeable to what?
Permeable to water but not ions
*more and more water is flow down the concentration gradient out of the loop into the medulla as it plunges deeper to the solute-rich medulla
The blood vessels close to the loop of Henle
Vasa recta
The filtrate is most concentrated at which part of the medulla
At the bottom (deepest part of the medulla) as the water has exited as it goes down the descending limb of the loop of henle
