Immune System

Question 1

These are produced by B cells and are designed to track down and bind to pathogens

Answer 1

Antibodies

Question 2

This region of the antibody is the same across all antibodies of the same type

Answer 2

Constant region

Question 3

These variables differ in order to detect a diverse range of foreign molecules- antigens

Answer 3

Hypervariable and variable region

Question 4

Which region of the antibodies so contain the antigen binding site

Answer 4

Hypervariable region

Question 5

This causes antibody’s 1 to 1 specificity

Answer 5

Antibody binding site

Question 6

Site where antigens is recognized by an antibody

Answer 6

Epitope

Question 7

Where are white cells produced

Answer 7

Bone marrow

Question 8

Difference between RBCs and WBCs

Answer 8

WBCs are nucleated

Question 9

This accounts for 60% of leukocytes and they track down foreign pathogens, like bacteria by consuming and destroying through phagocytosis

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Question 10

This accounts for 30% of leukocytes. This consists of T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells

Answer 10

Lymphocytes

Question 11

These target and destroy infected host cells

Answer 11

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 12

These make up 5% of WBC. They are the largest leukocyte by size and can differentiate into 2 further cell types: macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 12

Monocytes

Question 13

These are phagocytes that dispose oft cellular debris and non-cellular foreign material

Answer 13

Macrophages- like the clean up crew

Question 14

These WBCs target parasitic infections

Answer 14

Eosinophils

Question 15

These WBCS are inflammatory cells that release histamine as part of allergic response

Answer 15

Basophils and Mast cells

Question 16

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are immune cells that contain cytoplasmic granules rich in proteolytic enxymes

Answer 16

Granulocytes
Eosinophils: red
Basophils: blue

Question 17

Production of red and white blood cells in bone marrow

Answer 17

Hematopoiesis

Question 18

This section of the spleen is rich in lymphocytes and are important sites of B cell activation

Answer 18

White pulp of spleen

Question 19

This is where T cells mature

Answer 19

Thymus

Question 20

System of vessels that help transport fluid and immune cells throughout the body

Answer 20

Lymphatic system

Question 21

Colorless, lipid-rich fluid that flows through the lymphatic system

Answer 21

Lymph

Question 22

Pockets for lymphatic tissue that house high concentrations of T and B cells

Answer 22

Lymph nodes

Question 23

4 main functions for the lymphatic system

Answer 23

1. Maintains fluid balance
2. Collecting and returning interstitial fluid to circulation
3. Transporting cells and biomolecules within lymph
4. Producing lymphocytes

Question 24

Any action of the immune system directed towards healthy host tissues

Answer 24

Autoimmunity

Question 25

This enzyme breaks down bacterial cell walls in the mouth

Answer 25

Lysozyme

Question 26

Symptoms of inflammation

Answer 26

Calor- heat Dolor- pain Rumor-redness Tumor- swelling

Question 27

T or F. Inflammation causes vasodilation which increase blood flow in the area

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Innate vs Adaptive Immune System

Answer 28

Innate: 1. Non-specific and responds to injury and infection Adaptive:seeks special targets and remembers pathogens

Question 29

2 primary cell components of Adaptive Immune system

Answer 29

B cells and T cells

Question 30

T cells that fail to respond to putative antigens are eliminated by?

Answer 30

Positive selection

Question 31

T cells that are too reactive are eliminated by?

Answer 31

Negative selection- selects for T cells that would not provoke an autoimmune response

Question 32

This T cells responses to MHC1

Answer 32

T-cell CDB receptor

Question 33

Non self antigen displayed in MHC1 is recognized by what

Answer 33

CD8 Surface proteins of cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells)

Question 34

Difference between MHC I and MHC II receptors

Answer 34

MHC I- found in all cells | MHC II- found on certain immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 35

These cells recognize MHC II receptors of antigen-presenting cells

Answer 35

Helper (CD4) T cells

Question 36

What does the helper T cells do when it see an antigen-presenting cell displaying an antigen

Answer 36

Secrets a series of cytokines- activate other immune cells increasing the strength of the immune response

Question 37

Which T cells can be memory T cells

Answer 37

Killer T cells and Helper T cells

Question 38

Which cells is responsible for the humoral response

Answer 38

B cells

Question 39

If a B cell encounters an antigen that it has a matching receptor for what are the 2 things that it can do?

Answer 39

1. Mature into short-lived plasma cell- produce antibodies | 2. Turn in to memory B cell

Question 40

T or F. The humoral response is part of the cell-mediated response.

Answer 40

False. It is not part of the cell0mediated response

Question 41

Humoral vs Cell-mediated

Answer 41

Humoral- B cells | Cell-mediated- T cells