respiratory quiz #2

Question 1

what does Dalton’s law of pressure state?

Answer 1

• that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure (called partial pressure)
• each gas diffuses independently of each other, moving from areas of high partial pressure to low partial pressure

Question 2

what is the atmospheric composition of gases?

Answer 2

• 78% nitrogen
• 21% oxygen
• 0.03% carbon dioxide

Question 3

where does external respiration occur?

Answer 3

in the lungs

Question 4

what happens in external respiration?

Answer 4

• oxygen moves from alveoli to lung capillaries, carbon

- dioxide moves from capillaries to alveoli

Question 5

why does oxygen diffuse from the alveoli to the capillaries?

Answer 5

because blood has a lower partial pressure

Question 6

how much of oxygen is dissolved in plasma as a gas?

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

how much of oxygen is carried in RBCs by hemoglobin?

Answer 7

99%

Question 8

what is formed when hemoglobin picks up oxygen?

Answer 8

oxyhemoglobin

Question 9

how much oxygen does the blood hold per 100mL of blood?

Answer 9

20mL/100mL

Question 10

what is internal respiration?

Answer 10

gases exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and the surrounding tissues/cells

Question 11

where does hemoglobin pick up oxygen?

Answer 11

in the lung capillaries

Question 12

what happens as oxyhemoglobin circulates the body?

Answer 12

when is passes a tissue requiring oxygen, the oxygen will fall of the hemoglobin and will diffuse into the tissue

Question 13

what happens if a tissue doesn’t need oxygen?

Answer 13

the hemoglobin will not drop the oxygen off

Question 14

on average, how many hemoglobin still have their oxygens when heading back to the lungs?

Answer 14

~ 70%

Question 15

in what direction does oxygen move during cell respiration?

Answer 15

from the lung capillaries to the red blood cells

Question 16

in what direction does carbon dioxide move during cell respiration?

Answer 16

from cells to lung capillaries

Question 17

through what process does cell respiration occur and why?

Answer 17

occurs through diffusion due to the partial pressures change

Question 18

when will CO2 move from the tissues to the blood?

Answer 18

when there is a build up of CO2 in the tissue from cell respiration, the CO2 will move out of the tissue to the blood where there is a lower partial pressure

Question 19

is oxygen soluble in blood?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

is carbon dioxide soluble in blood?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what are the three forms that CO2 can be transported as?

Answer 21

1. carried by hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin) to the lungs
2. carried in the plasma as a gas
3. combines with water in the blood plasma to form carbonic acid (CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3)

Question 22

how much CO2 is carried by hemoglobin?

Answer 22

~23%

Question 23

how much CO2 is carried in the plasma as gas?

Answer 23

~7%

Question 24

how much CO2 combines with water in the plasma to form carbonic acid?

Answer 24

~70%

Question 25

what is the formula of the formation of carbonic acid?

Answer 25

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3

Question 26

how is CO2 forming carbonic acid beneficial?

Answer 26

it reduces the concentration of free CO2 in the blood, allowing diffusion to continue

Question 27

how is H2CO3 broken down?

Answer 27

it breaks down into HCO3 and H+

Question 28

how is H+ carried back to the lungs?

Answer 28

it binds to hemoglobin

Question 29

how is HCO3 carried back to the lungs?

Answer 29

blood carries it back to the lungs

Question 30

what happens when waste products reach the lungs?

Answer 30

the H+ is replaced by oxygen on the hemoglobin, the H+ reconnects with HCO3 to form H2CO3 which then breaks into CO2 and H2O in the alveoli and gets exhaled

Question 31

what are chemoreceptors?

Answer 31

sensory receptors that detect chemical stimuli in the environment

Question 32

what chemical stimuli do chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 32

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 33

what happens when abnormal levels of O2 or CO2 are detected?

Answer 33

our breathing will either speed up or slow down

Question 34

is breathing voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 34

involuntary

Question 35

what 2 ways to do we regulate breathing?

Answer 35

1. blood acidity

2. chemoreceptors

Question 36

what is blood acidity caused by?

Answer 36

high blood acidity is caused by excess CO2

Question 37

what happens when there is high acidity in our blood?

Answer 37

chemoreceptors stimulate a nerve in the brain to increase breathing which then expels more CO2

Question 38

what happens when there is low acidity in our blood?

Answer 38

the chemoreceptors in the carotid artery will detect low levels of oxygen and send impulse to the brain, which increases breathing to get more oxygen in