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bio-20 > circulatory system #1 > Flashcards

circulatory system #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three main functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. transport
  2. homeostasis
  3. protection
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2
Q

what does the transport function of the circulatory system consist of?

A

transports gases, hormones, nutrient molecules and waste materials

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3
Q

what does the homeostasis function of the circulatory system consist of?

A

regulates internal temperature and transporting hormones

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4
Q

what does the protection function of the circulatory system consist of?

A

protects against blood loss from injury and protects against disease

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5
Q

what are the two circuits of the circulatory system?

A
  1. pulmonary

2. systemic

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6
Q

what is the pulmonary circuit?

A
  • blood moving between the heart and lungs
  • blood gets pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide, the newly oxygenated blood then gets sent back to the heart
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7
Q

what is the systemic circuit?

A
  • blood pumped from the heart to the rest of the body
  • oxygen rich blood returns to the left ventricle from the lungs, blood is then pumped from the heart to the rest of the body where the oxygen is dropped off
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8
Q

what is the coronary pathway?

A

oxygenated blood pumped from the heart to the heart tissues

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9
Q

where does the coronary artery originate?

A

the aorta

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10
Q

what circuit is blood moving between the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circuit

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11
Q

what circuit is blood pumped from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

systemic circuit

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12
Q

what pathway is blood being pumped from the heart to the rest of the heart?

A

coronary pathway

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13
Q

what type of muscle is the heart composed of?

A

cardiac muscle

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14
Q

are heart contractions voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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15
Q

what is the average bpm of an adult?

A

70 bpm

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16
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

a fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart, it acts as a shock absorber and prevents friction

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17
Q

where is the heart located?

A

it is located in the centre of the chest in between the lungs, tipped slightly to the left

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18
Q

how many lobes does each lung have?

A

right lung: 3 lobes

left lung: 2 lobes (room for the heart)

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19
Q

what is the heart’s main function?

A

pumping blood through the body

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20
Q

how many pumps does the heart have?

A

2

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21
Q

how much blood does the heart pump every minute?

A

5L every minute

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22
Q

what can affect someone’s bpm?

A

stress, diet or exercise (or health issues)

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23
Q

how many chambers does the heart have?

A

4 chambers – 2 atria, 2 ventricles

24
Q

what direction do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart

25
Q

what direction do veins carry blood?

A

to the heart

26
Q

what are atria?

A

chambers at the top of the heart that fill with blood returning to the heart

27
Q

what does the left atrium do?

A

collects blood returning from the lungs

28
Q

what does the right atrium do?

A

collects blood returning from the body

29
Q

what are ventricles?

A

chambers at the bottom of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it out

30
Q

what does the right ventricle do?

A

pumps blood to the lungs

31
Q

what does the left ventricle do?

A

pumps blood to the body

32
Q

what is the septum?

A

a muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart

33
Q

what are pulmonary arteries?

A
  • blood vessel that carry DEOXYGENATED blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
34
Q

what are pulmonary veins?

A
  • blood vessels that carry OXYGENATED blood back from the lungs to the left atrium
35
Q

what is the superior vena cava?

A

a vein that collects the deoxygenated blood from the head, chest and arms and dumps the blood into the right atrium

36
Q

what is the inferior vena cava?

A

a vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the central and lower body and dumps it into the right atrium

37
Q

what is the aorta?

A
  • largest blood vessel in the body
  • artery that stems from the left ventricle
  • carries oxygenated blood
38
Q

what are the branches of the aorta?

A
  • coronary artery (feeds heart)

- left and right carotid arteries (feeds brain and torso)

39
Q

what is the largest blood vessel in the body?

A

the aorta

40
Q

how many valves does the heart have?

A

4 – 2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar

41
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves?

A
  • there are two, the tricuspid and the bicuspid

- they separate the atrium from the ventricle

42
Q

what is the tricuspid valve?

A
  • has three flaps

- separates right atrium from right ventricle

43
Q

what is the bicuspid valve?

A
  • has two flaps
  • separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
  • aka. mitral valve
44
Q

what are chordae tendinae?

A

connective tissue that support valves

45
Q

what are papillary muscles?

A

the muscle that attaches to the chordae tendinae

46
Q

what are semilunar valves?

A
  • half moon shape
  • found in the pulmonary trunk and aorta
  • 2 of them - pulmonary/ aortic
47
Q

what is the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A
  • controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk, and eventually the lungs
48
Q

what is the aortic semilunar valve?

A
  • controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, and eventually the entire body
49
Q

what are heart sounds?

A

the sound of valves closing

50
Q

as ventricles contract what happens?

A

the SL valves open and the AV valves close

51
Q

when do SL valves open?

A

when the ventricles contract

52
Q

as the ventricles relax what happens?

A

AV valves open and SL valves close

53
Q

when do AV valves open?

A

when the ventricles relax

54
Q

what sound do we hear when the SL valves open and the AV valves close?

A

“LUB”

55
Q

what sound do we hear when the AV valves open and the SL valves close?

A

“DUB”

56
Q

what happens when heart valves are defective?

A

blood leaks back through valves

57
Q

why is the muscle on the left side of the heart thicker?

A

because the left ventricle must pump blood to the entire body

bio-20 (10 decks)

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