Respiratory Questions Flashcards
T or F: Lungs contains Ig quantities of elastic connective tissue
True
T or F: There are no muscles within the alveolar walls
True
T or F: The Pip is greater than the PA
False
T or F: Stretched lungs have a tendency to pull inward
True
T or F: During inspiration, the Pip increases
False
What condition is characterized by air entering the pleural space?
Pneumothorax
What condition is characterized by lungs collapsing to its unstretched size?
Atelectasis
What condition refers to an inflammation of the pleural sacs?
Pleurisy
Do respiratory muscles act directly on lungs?
no, the lungs and thoracic wall are linked
Does movement of air cause lung expansion?
Yes; expand lungs and then air moves in
What is the driving pressure for airflow into the lungs?
drop in alveolar pressure
What initially created the driving pressure of airflow into the lungs?
expanding the chest wall
Why does alveolar pressure decrease and then swing back up, but pleural pressure decreases continuously during inspiration?
Pleural pressure continues to decrease because it is a closed compartment → pressure will stay really negative until it returns to original confirmation
What type of airflow causes breath sounds heard with a stethoscope?
turbulent airflow
laminar airflow is silent
Where is the chief site of airway resistance?
medium sized bronchi have the highest resistance
Why do medium sized bronchi have the highest resistance?
Large airways: turbulent flow but large radius
Small airways: small radius but vast X-sectional area (and in parallel), so contribute little to total resistance
T or F: The maximum amount of air male lungs can hold is 4.2 L
False → they can hold 6.0 L
T or F: The lungs still contain ~ 2,400 mL of air at the end of normal quiet expiration
true
T or F: the work of breathing may be increased when lung compliance is increased
true
T or F: surface area is reduced in emphysema
true
VC + RV = ?
TLC
Volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical TV
FEV1
The extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical TV
IRV
The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration
FRC
TV + IRV + ERV =?
VC
Volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration
IC
Volume of air entering or leaving the lungs in a single breath during quiet breathing
TV
T or F: Alveolar ventilation is best increased by increasing respiratory rate
False; best increased by increasing tidal volume
T or F: a gas always diffuses down its partial pressure gradient
true
T or F: hypercapnia refers to excess CO2 in the arterial blood that is caused by hypoventilation
true
T or F: the volume of air that remains in the conducting pathways, and thus not available for gas exchange, is known as alveolar dead space
False; it is anatomic dead space
The pressure exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere on objects on the earth’s surface
Atmospheric pressure
How much effort is required to stretch or distend the lungs
Compliance
The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related
Boyle’s Law
The magnitude of the inwardly directed collapsing pressure directly proportional to the surface tension and inversely proportional to the radius of the bubble
LaPlace’s Law
the smaller the alveoli the more they want to collapse
On one visit, a patient has a PaO2 of 85 mmHg, an SaO2 of 98%, and a hemoglobin of 14 gm/dl. One year later, her hemoglobin is 7 gm/dl. Assuming no lung disease, what will her new PaO2, SaO2, and CaO2?
PaO2 unchanged, SaO2 unchanged, CaO2 reduced
What is the relationship between PO2 and saturation?
PO2 effects saturation
saturation does not effect PO2
Which patient is more hypoxemic (total O2)?
Patient A: PaO2 85 mmHg, SaO2 95%, Hb 7 gm%
Patient B: PaO2 55 mmHg, SaO2 85%, Hb 15 gm%
Patient A: PaO2 85 mmHg, SaO2 95%, Hb 7 gm%
In which of the following states would the the oxygen content of the trachea (O2 = 150, CO2 = 0) resemble the oxygen content int he affected alveoli?
Pulmonary embolism
because no blood flow
Which of the following causes of arterial hypoxemia is NOT associated with an increase in the alveolar - arterial (A-a) O2 gradient?
Hypoventilation
