Respiratory Questions

Question 1

T or F: Lungs contains Ig quantities of elastic connective tissue

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T or F: There are no muscles within the alveolar walls

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F: The P_ip is greater than the P_A

Answer 3

False

Question 4

T or F: Stretched lungs have a tendency to pull inward

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T or F: During inspiration, the P_ip increases

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What condition is characterized by air entering the pleural space?

Answer 6

Pneumothorax

Question 7

What condition is characterized by lungs collapsing to its unstretched size?

Answer 7

Atelectasis

Question 8

What condition refers to an inflammation of the pleural sacs?

Answer 8

Pleurisy

Question 9

Do respiratory muscles act directly on lungs?

Answer 9

no, the lungs and thoracic wall are linked

Question 10

Does movement of air cause lung expansion?

Answer 10

Yes; expand lungs and then air moves in

Question 11

What is the driving pressure for airflow into the lungs?

Answer 11

drop in alveolar pressure

Question 12

What initially created the driving pressure of airflow into the lungs?

Answer 12

expanding the chest wall

Question 13

Why does alveolar pressure decrease and then swing back up, but pleural pressure decreases continuously during inspiration?

Answer 13

Pleural pressure continues to decrease because it is a closed compartment → pressure will stay really negative until it returns to original confirmation

Question 14

What type of airflow causes breath sounds heard with a stethoscope?

Answer 14

turbulent airflow

laminar airflow is silent

Question 15

Where is the chief site of airway resistance?

Answer 15

medium sized bronchi have the highest resistance

Question 16

Why do medium sized bronchi have the highest resistance?

Answer 16

Large airways: turbulent flow but large radius

Small airways: small radius but vast X-sectional area (and in parallel), so contribute little to total resistance

Question 17

T or F: The maximum amount of air male lungs can hold is 4.2 L

Answer 17

False → they can hold 6.0 L

Question 18

T or F: The lungs still contain ~ 2,400 mL of air at the end of normal quiet expiration

Answer 18

true

Question 19

T or F: the work of breathing may be increased when lung compliance is increased

Answer 19

true

Question 20

T or F: surface area is reduced in emphysema

Answer 20

true

Question 21

VC + RV = ?

Answer 21

TLC

Question 22

Volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical TV

Answer 22

FEV1

Question 23

The extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired above typical TV

Answer 23

IRV

Question 24

The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration

Answer 24

FRC

Question 25

TV + IRV + ERV =?

Answer 25

VC

Question 26

Volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

Answer 26

IC

Question 27

Volume of air entering or leaving the lungs in a single breath during quiet breathing

Answer 27

TV

Question 28

T or F: Alveolar ventilation is best increased by increasing respiratory rate

Answer 28

False; best increased by increasing tidal volume

Question 29

T or F: a gas always diffuses down its partial pressure gradient

Answer 29

true

Question 30

T or F: hypercapnia refers to excess CO₂ in the arterial blood that is caused by hypoventilation

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T or F: the volume of air that remains in the conducting pathways, and thus not available for gas exchange, is known as alveolar dead space

Answer 31

False; it is anatomic dead space

Question 32

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere on objects on the earth's surface

Answer 32

Atmospheric pressure

Question 33

How much effort is required to stretch or distend the lungs

Answer 33

Compliance

Question 34

The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related

Answer 34

Boyle's Law

Question 35

The magnitude of the inwardly directed collapsing pressure directly proportional to the surface tension and inversely proportional to the radius of the bubble

Answer 35

LaPlace's Law the smaller the alveoli the more they want to collapse

Question 36

On one visit, a patient has a PaO₂ of 85 mmHg, an SaO₂ of 98%, and a hemoglobin of 14 gm/dl. One year later, her hemoglobin is 7 gm/dl. Assuming no lung disease, what will her new PaO₂, SaO₂, and CaO₂?

Answer 36

PaO₂ unchanged, SaO₂ unchanged, CaO₂ reduced

Question 37

What is the relationship between PO₂ and saturation?

Answer 37

PO₂ effects saturation saturation does not effect PO₂

Question 38

Which patient is more hypoxemic (total O₂)? Patient A: PaO₂ 85 mmHg, SaO₂ 95%, Hb 7 gm% Patient B: PaO₂ 55 mmHg, SaO₂ 85%, Hb 15 gm%

Answer 38

Patient A: PaO₂ 85 mmHg, SaO₂ 95%, Hb 7 gm%

Question 39

In which of the following states would the the oxygen content of the trachea (O₂ = 150, CO₂ = 0) resemble the oxygen content int he affected alveoli?

Answer 39

Pulmonary embolism because no blood flow

Question 40

Which of the following causes of arterial hypoxemia is NOT associated with an increase in the alveolar - arterial (A-a) O₂ gradient?

Answer 40

Hypoventilation