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Systems Phys 2022 > Microcirculation > Flashcards

Microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Microcirculaltion

A

where exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs in the tissues

arterioles and capillaries

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2
Q

What happens if things aren’t working properly in the microcirculation?

A

it can cause excess fluid in the tissue space → edema

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3
Q

What role do the lymphatic channels play in microcirculation?

A

They pick up excess fluid and protein from the interstitial space and bring it back to the vasculature

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4
Q

What are the parts of microcirculation?

A

Arterioles

Capillaries

Lymphatic system

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5
Q

What controls microcirculation?

A

sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What type of muscle do arterioles have alot of?

A

smooth muscle

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7
Q

What innervates the arterioles?

A

sympathetic nerves

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8
Q

Define: Precapillary Sphincters

A

smooth muscle that regulates blood flow through capillaries (constrict and dilate)

open and close based on metabolic activity

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9
Q

What are the two types of blood flow?

A

Nutrient blood flow

Nonnutrient blood flow

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10
Q

Define: Nutrient Blood Flow

A

blood that flows through capillaries

provides nutrients to tissues

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11
Q

Define: Nonnutrient blood flow

A

blood doesn’t flow through capillaries

blood goes from arterioles to venule through AV shunt

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12
Q

What is the purpose of nonnutrient blood flow?

A

primarily present in the skin for temperature regulation

goes to venule near surface of the skin that disapates heat

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13
Q

What type of flow do vessels 20 microns in diameter or larger experience?

A

laminar flow

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14
Q

What type of flow do vessels less than 20 microns in diameter experience?

A

turbulent flow with cells in a somewhat single file line

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15
Q

What factors influence vessel diameter?

A

O2

Circulating E and NE

Tissue metabolites

BP

Sympathetic nerves

Endothelial cells

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16
Q

What factors constrict vessel diameter?

A

O2

Circulating E and NE

BP

Sympathetic nerves

Endothelial cells → endothelin

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17
Q

what factors relax vessel diameter?

A

Tissue metabolites

Endothelial cells → Nitric Oxide

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18
Q

What happens to vessel diameter when you increase BP?

A

local vessel constriction

19
Q

How do different endothelial cells effect fluid movement?

A

they pose dif limitations

tight junction → little fluid can move across the membrane → Blood brain barrier

Discontinuous endothelium → gaps in endothelium allow fluid to move freely → intestines

20
Q

What are the two types of transport seen in cells?

A

flow-limited transport

diffusion limited transport

21
Q

Define: Flow-limited transport

A

some substances are able to leave the capillary and enter ISF but some cannot

the amount of a substance allowed to leave the capillary is determined by concentration gradient in the capillary

22
Q

What establishes the concentration gradient of a capillary?

A

the amount of flow carrying a substance to a capillary

increase flow bringing substances to the capillary → increase concentration gradient → more diffuse to cell

23
Q

When is diffusion most efficient?

A

when you have the largest surface area, high concentration, and short distance

24
Q

What is diffusion dependent on?

A

large cross sectional area and high concentration

25
Q

Define: Diffusion limited transport

A

Large ISF → greater diffusion distance → fewer substances permeate cell

26
Q

What can cause an increase in the ISF?

A

edema

27
Q

What factors help control amount of fluid across capillary membrane?

A

Pc, Pi, πp, πi, k

Fluid movement = k[(Pc + πi) - (Pi + πp)]

28
Q

Define: Pc (capillary hydrostatic pressure )

A

pressure inside capillary

29
Q

Define: Pi (interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure)

A

pressure in interstitial space

normally negative

30
Q

Define: πp (plasma protein oncotic pressure)

A

proteins retained in capillary pull fluid back into venous end

31
Q

Define: πi (interstitial fluid oncotic pressure)

A

caused by proteins in the interstitial fluid

32
Q

Define: filtration

A

occurs when the algebraic sum is positive

from capillary to interstitial space

33
Q

Define: reabsorption

A

occurs when the value is negative

movement of fluid from interstitial space to capillary

34
Q

What factors make up primary filtration?

A

Pc and πi

35
Q

What factors make up primary reabsorption?

A

Pi and πp

36
Q

What would happen to the Pc (capillary hydrostatic pressure) if you increase resistance by constricting artery going into the capillary?

A

Pc would decrease

velocity flow would increase

volume flow would decrease

37
Q

What would happen to the Pc (capillary hydrostatic pressure) if you increase resistance by constricting the veins going into the capillary?

A

Pc would increase

increase venous constriction or pressure → increase Pc

38
Q

What happens to pressure as fluid flows from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end of the capilary?

A

Pressure gradually drops as you move from arterial to venous side of capillary

Pc gradually decreases

no net gain or loss of fluid

39
Q

If the flow of movement is equal to 14 on the arterial side and -1 on the venous side; is the capillary mostly filtering or reabsorbing?

A

filtering

40
Q

If the flow of movement is equal to 14 on the arterial side and -1 on the venous side; what is the next effect across the capillary?

A

mostly filtering

pushing more fluid into the interstitial space than being reabsorbed by the veins

41
Q

If the flow of movement through a capillary is primarily being filtered out, what would happen if the lymphatic channels are not taking up the extra fluid?

A

the capillary would promote edema

42
Q

Which side of the capillary mainly works in filtration?

A

arterial

43
Q

Which side of the capillary mainly works in reabsorption?

A

venous

Systems Phys 2022 (25 decks)

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