Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systems Phys 2022 > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

phases of cardiac function between each heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 7 steps of the cardiac cycle?

A

atrial systole

isovolumic contraction

rapid ejection

reduced ejection

isovolumic relaxation

rapid filling

reduced filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which side of the cardiac cycle generates more pressure?

A

the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define: atrial systole

A

contraction of atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Isovolumic Contraction

A

Contraction of ventricles but no change in volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Isovolumic Contraction

A

Contraction of ventricles but no change in volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: rapid ejection

A

Ejecting blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs first, Electrical or Mechanical Events? Example?

A

Electrical events occur before mechanical events

(membrane depolarizes before muscle shortens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is pressure in the aorta dependent on?

A

How constricted the arterioles are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is afterload somewhat equal to?

A

aortic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If you have a patient with hypertension and BP of 150/110, how would that effect the pressures in the diagram?

A

Aortic Valve would open at 110 mmHG

for every heart beat, heart would have to generate 30 mmHG more of pressure before aortic valve would open

increases work of heart

can cause heart failure if untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fundamental thing that causes pressure to change in the aorta?

A

the transfer of volume from one chamber to another (LV to aorta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would happen to the pressure change if you increases the SV?

A

it would increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is aortic pressure loosely dependent on?

A

SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does left atrial pressure increase while the ventricle is contracting and relaxing?

A

while the ventricle is contracting, atria are accumulating volume, which increases pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain this Diagram

A
  1. Mitral Valve Closes → to stop blood from flowing back into atria
  2. LV pressure increases b/c muscle contracts
  3. atria contracts
  4. aortic valve open s→ blood flows from LV to aorta
  5. Aortic valve closes → pressure in aorta is higher then in LV
  6. LV pressure decreases → Ca flows back into SR and EC
  7. Mitral Valve opens (pressure is lower in LV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

A

atria contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens during isovolumic contraction?

A

valves all closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens during rapid ejection?

A

blood flows from LV to aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during reduced ejection?

A

aortic valve closes at end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during isovolumic relaxation?

A

pressure in LV drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is aortic pressure highest?

A

during rapid and reduced ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Preload is the same as…

A

EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Equation: SV

A

SV = EDV - ESV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What happens when atria contracts?
blood is forced into ventricle volume increases slightly
26
Where is the LVEDV and the LVESV located on this diagram?
LVEDV → Top plateau LVESV → bottom plateau
27
What are the normal heart sounds?
1&2
28
What are the abnormal (pathological) heart sounds?
they don't always occur 3&4
29
When does the 1st heart sound occur?
at the beginning of isovolumic contraction and mitral valve closing
30
When does the 2nd heart sound occur?
when the aortic valve closes
31
When does the 3rd heart sound occur?
During rapid filling phase often heard in patients with congestive heart failure compliance of ventricle is reduced
32
When does the 4th heart sound occur?
During atrial systole typically heard in patients that have long standing hypertension and hyperphery (thicker) ventricle
33
What is venous pressure pulse?
central venous pulse follows atrial pressure low pressure \>5 mmHg
34
When does the P wave start?
before atria contracts
35
When does the QRS complex occur?
just before isovolumic contraction → ventricular depolarization/contraction
36
When does the T wave occur?
during reduced ejection
37
How would you use the Wiggers Diagram to calculate cardiac output?
CO = HR x SV HR = 60/.8 (time from P wave to T wave) = 75 beats/min SV = 40 (EDV) - 20 (ESV) = 20 (ventricular volume) CO = 75 x 20 = 1,500 mL/min
38
Calculate the EF from the Wiggers Diagram.
EF = SV/EDV = 20/40 = 50%
39
Are the mitral and tricuspid valve opened or closed during diastole?
open
40
Are the mitral and tricuspid valve opened or closed during systole?
closed
41
What is the normal % oxygen saturation in the different chambers of the heart?
Aorta → 95% Pulmonary Artery → 75% L Atrium → 95% LV → 95% RV → 75% R atrium → 75%
42
What is the average pressure of the right atrium?
3 mmHg
43
What is the average pressure of the right ventricle?
25 mmHg (peak systolic)
44
What is the average pressure of the pulmonary capillary wedge?
9 mm Hg
45
What is the average pressure of the left atrium?
8 mm Hg
46
What is the average pressure of the left ventricle?
130 mm Hg (peak systolic)
47
What is pulmonary capillary wedge?
an index of left arterial pressure
48
How is a pulmonary capillary wedge done?
through the right atrium → into the right ventricle through tricuspid valve → through pulmonic valve → into pulmonary artery → wedge position → inflate balloon
49
When is a pulmonary capillary wedge used? why?
used in patients with heart failure to see if left atrial pressure is increasing
50
When does the “a” wave occur?
during atrial systole when the atrium contracts during atrial systole → increasing atrial pressure
51
Atrial Systole: When does atrial pressure drop?
when the atria stops contracting
52
When does the P wave occur? What makes it occur?
It occurs during atrial systole due to atrial depolarization
53
Atrial Systole: When does the fourth heart sound occur
it is associated with the end of atrial emptying after atrial contraction
54
When does the AV valve close?
at the beginning of isovolumic contraction when the pressure in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the atria
55
Isovolumic contraction: What happens to ventricular volume as the ventricles contract isovolumetrically?
their volume does not change
56
When does the QRS complex of the ECG occur? Why?
during isovolumic contraction due to ventricular depolarization
57
When does the first heart sound occur?
during isovolumic contraction due to AV valves closing
58
When do the aortic and pulmonary valves open?
at the beginning of rapid ejection
59
Rapid Ejection: What happens when the aortic and pulmonary valves open?
blood exits the ventricles and the volume in the ventricles decreases rapidly blood enters the arteries until it reaches a peak atrial pressure increases due to RV contraction opening the tricuspid valve
60
When do the aortic and pulmonary valves close?
at the end of reduced ejection
61
Reduced Ejection: What happens after ventricular and arterial pressures peak?
blood flow out of the ventricles decreases and ventricular volume decreases more slowly
62
Reduced Ejection: What happens when the pressure in the ventricles falls below the pressure in the arteries?
blood in the arteries begins to flow back toward the ventricles and causes the aortic and pulmonary valves to close marks the end of ventricular systole
63
When does the T wave occur?
during reduced ejection due to ventricular repolarization
64
In what phase does diastole begin?
isovolumic relaxation
65
What is causing the atrial pressure to rise during isovolumic relaxation?
atrium in diastole is filling with blood
66
Isovolumic Relaxation: What causes the “v” wave?
back flow of blood after it hits the closed AV valve
67
When is ventricular volume at its lowest?
during isovolumic relaxation
68
When does the second heart sound occur?
during isovolumic relaxation when the aortic and pulmonary valves are closed
69
Rapid Ventricular Filling: What occurs when the AV valves open?
blood accumulated in the atria flows rapidly into ventricles → ventricular volume increases rapidly
70
When does the third heart sound occur?
during rapid ventricular filling

Systems Phys 2022 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions