Renal Review Questions on Exam Flashcards
What happens to GFR if plasma albumin is reduced?
GFR should ⇡ because πGC is ⇣
How does increased Ang II affect renal hemodynamics (GFR/RBF) and sodium reabsorption?
⇣ GFR
⇡ Na reabsorption
What factors affect Ang II release?
all factors that effect renin
How does Ang II affect potassium secretion?
⇡ Ang II → ⇡ K+ secretion
What is the mechanism responsible for excretion of concentrated urine?
Concurrent Multiplier System
What does carbonic anhydrase enzyme do in the kidney?
Aids in reabsorption of sodium and bicarbonate
breaks H2CO3 into CO2 and H20 → reforms it into H2CO3
How is sodium reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
isoosmotically
always as a symporter
uses diff channels across PCT
What factors affect GFR and RBF?
Arteriolar → arterial caliber, arteriolar tone, arteriolar dilation and constriction
GFR = Kf - NFP → NFP = (PGC - πBC) + (PBC - πGC)
What is renal clearance?
amount of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance per unit time
What is urinary threshold and Tm?
Tm → capacity/limit to amount of material a system can transport
Threshold → max you can reabsorb → after it is met glucose would appear in urine
What is autoreglation?
minute to minute regulation of RBF and GFR in face of changes to BP
How is chloride reabsorbed in the nephron, particularly in the proximal tubule?
- Proximal tubule
- Paracellularly
- Transcellularly → cotransport by fumarate
- Thick Ascending Limb
- Na-K-2Cl cotransporter
- Distal Tubule
- Na-Cl electrochemcial transporter
What happens in the kidneys if you drink alot of water?
Sodium content gets diluted
hypoatremia can occur
What happens in the kidneys if you lose blood?
isoosmotic volume contraction
What happens in the kidneys if you are dehydrated?
it can cause of build up of wastes and clog kidneys with myoglobin
hyperosmotic volume contraction
