Respiratory Practice Questions

Question 1

Emphysema
* patho
* sx
* part of what condition?
* precursor condition

Answer 1

• patho: destruction of walls of alveoli –> alveoli merge and lose total SA –> dec rate of gas exchange
• sx: chronic breathlessness
• one aspect of COPD, which is characterized by poor airflow and difficulty breathing
• common precursor = chronic bronchitis

Question 2

Bronchitis

Answer 2

• irritants like cig smoke, pollution, or infection inflame the bronchi –> swell bronchi mucus membrane and inc amount (and not quality like cystic fibrosis) mucus production and reduce cilia ability to move mucus upwards

Question 3

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 3

• causes: exposure to silica, coal dust, asbestos
• patho: chronic inflammation of lungs –> scar tissue replaces normal lung tissue

Question 4

What is the muscular region that is the intersection of the respiratory and digestive system?

Answer 4

pharynx

where air and food passes through

Question 5

Which muscle is responsible for primary inspiration and expiration of air?

Answer 5

diaphragm

Question 6

What are the additional muscles recruited for forced inhalation?

Answer 6

contraction of:
* SCM to lift up rib cage
* external intercostals to expand rib cage
* pec minor

Question 7

What are the additional muscles recruited for forced exhalation?

Answer 7

contraction of:
* abdominal muscles
* internal intercostals

external interocostals relax

Question 8

What is happening in cardiovascular system during hypoventilation?

Answer 8

• inc blood CO2
• CO2 + H2O –> carbonic acid –> acidic blood and blood pH falls (respiratory acidosis)