A and P practice questions Flashcards
How many primary body planes can the body be divided into?
3 (saggital, transverse, coronal)
What are the secondary functions of the respiratory system (3)?
- blood pH regulation
- thermoregulation
- speech production
What antibody is made in the mucus membranes?
IgA
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
- follicular- estrogen dominated
- ovulation- due to LH surge (egg goes into fallopian tube and corpus luteum-the empty follicle- left behind in ovary)
- luteal- progesterone dominated (due to progesterone made by corpuse LUTeum)
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
- menstrual- from estrogen and progesterone decline
- proliferative- thiccening of endometrium due to estrogen
- secretory- juiciness (and thic) endometrium due to progesterone
What are the parts of the external ear aka auricle (pinna)?
tympanic membrane, ceruminous glands
What are the parts of the middle ear (tempanic cavity)?
- eustachain tube (auditory canal)
- ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
What are the parts of the inner ear (labyrinth)?
perilymph, semicircular canal, vestibule,cochlea
wound healing by primary intention
little tissue loss –> minimal scar tissue and thin scar
What are the resident macrophages in the
* liver
* lungs
* skin epidermis
* CNS
called?
- kupffer cells
- dust cells
- langerhan cells
- microglia
Increased blood flow causes what 4 things
red, hot, swelling, vasoDILATION
What is the structure that filters out foreign particles from the lymphatic fluid?
lymph NODES (destroy the pathogens and bring it back to heart and circulation and later liver or kidney removes it from blood stream and ultimately we remove it as pee or poo)
If person is hyperventilating, what might be distinct in their lab values?
low PCO2 –> less carbonic acid made in blood –> alkalosis (respiratory)
What muscle is in the shape of a ring that regulates the size of an opening?
sphincter
* LES (aka cardiac/gastric sphincter), pyloric, anal (internal and external), urethral(internal and external)
What is the function of the CSF?
to support the nervous tissue , provides a cushion for shock impact on brain and spinal cord
What does the body eliminate when there is high H+ in the body?
think about pH buffer equation.
A: CO2 to be breathed out through lungs
What node is at the top vs. bottom of the right atrium
- top: SA node
- bottom: AV node
What layer of the skin out of the 3 main ones is vitamin D produced?
epidermis
The dermal layer of the skin is the site of what formation?
collagen
What is the ion that most contributes to heart arrhythmias (wack HR)
POTASSIUM- hypo or hyper
What are two substances required for blood clotting (hint: a vitamin and an ion)?
Vit K and Calcium
vit K helps turn prothrombin into thrombin
What structure releases a substance to increase sperm MOBility?
prostate gland
seminal vesciles fluid has prostaglandins to make sperm more MOTile
What ion is found in HIGH conc in extracellular fluid?
Na
Which artery supplies the heart with blood?
coronary artery
What structure of the ear vibrates when sound strikes it?
tympanic membrane
What is the name of the first vertebrae that supports the head?
atlas (C1)
Which cranial bones come in a pair of 2?
parietal and temporal
What controls the entrance into the stomach?
LES aka CARDIAC sphincter
What represents the percent of RBC in the body?
hematocrit
What tells us how much iron is in the body
Hemoglobin
What organs filters blood of waste and destroys old RBCs
spleen (and liver)
What is another name for the epicardium of the heart?
visceral pericardium
How many layers is the periosteum of bone
TWO!
* first layer: contains blood vessels and nerves
* second (inner layer): contains stem cells to turn into osteoblasts
Which layer of the blood vessel wall is made of smooth muscle?
tunica MEDIA
Where are the adenoids located?
NASOpharynx
What part of the pharnyx contains the palantine tonsils?
OROpharynx
Which muscle is striated AND under voluntary control?
skeletal muscle
What is the main purpose of gyri and sulci of the brain?
increase SA
What is the smallest artery in the body?
arterioles (lead to systemic capillaries)
