Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Circulating blood to allow:
* nutrient distribution ie. O2 and nutrients (AA, electrolytes)
* waste removal ie. CO2 and metabolic waste like urea (from protein metabolism) or uric acid (from nucleic acid metabolism)
* communication: transports chemical messengers like hormones (ie. thyroid hormones) from the area produced to the target tissues
* protection: circulates immune molecules and cells that can get to the site of infection or injury
When/ where do you find fully oxygenated blood?
- after gas exchange in the lungs (capillaries picking up inhaled O2 from alveoli and capillaries dropping off tissue cellular respiration produced CO2 from cells into the alveoli)
Where does deoxygenated blood come from?
the systemic circulation at gas exchange level of tissues (systemic capillaries) –> tissues that just dropped off O2 to tissue cells and picked up CO2 from tissue cells
Arteries ALWAYS take blood ____ from the heart , and it is normally _____ (oxygenation status)
What is the ONE EXCEPTION?
- Away
- oxygenated
- PULMONARY ARTERIES bc they carry deoxygenated blood to be oxygentated by the lungs
Veins ALWAYS take blood ____ the heart, and it is normally ____ (oxygenation status)
What is the ONE EXCEPTION?
- TO
- DEoxygenated
- PULMONARY VEIN brings oxygenated blood to the heart (freshly oxygenated by the lungs)
Characteristics of the arteries and veins
- high pressure blood flow, so there is lots of smooth muscle surrounding them
- low pressure blood flow, so low that they have **valves **to prevent backflow, and also have thin walls
General
Blood flow through the heart (also include oxygenation and deoxygenation status and valves)- visually have an image for it.
- [deoxygenated] Vena cava (superior and inferior; superior is blood from upper body and inferior is blood from lower body)
- R atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- R ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary trunk and R and L pulmonary arteries
7.R and L Lungs- capillaries for gas exchange - [oxygenated] R and L pulmonary veins
- L atrium
- Mitral aka bicuspid valve
- L ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta (blood to upper body and lower body)
- mneumonic for valves that are passed through for blood flow through the heart (also state what type of valve they are)
- What is the function of the valves?
- Toilet- Tricuspid [AV valve]
- Paper- Pulmonary [semilunar valve]
- My- Mitral aka bicuspid [AV valve]
- Ass- Aortic [semilunar valve]
- prevent backflow of blood
Label an image of the heart (cover the labeled parts that are in my Dr. Yu main notes)
- How many layers does the heart have and what are the layers?
- What is endocardititis and what is one way one can get it?
- 3: endocardium, myocardium,epicardium
- inflammation of the endocardium from sharing needles
Left ventricle is [___] and [______] than the right ventricle because [_______]
- LARGER
- THICCER
- it needs to pump blood to the WHOLE body
atria is recieving blood so it has thinner walls than the ventricles
The atria have ___ walls compared to the ventricles
thinner
Describe the pulmonary circuit of blood.
What is the most general function of this circuit?
- deoxygenated blood eventually turns into oxygenated blood
- R side to the L side
- R ventricle –> pulmonary Artery –> R and L lungs –> pulmonary Veins –> L atrium
- pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
Name the 2 places where gas exchange occurs
- lungs b/w the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli
- tissues b/w systemic capillaries and tissue cells
Describe the systemic circuit of blood.
What is the most general function of the circuit?
- oxygenated blood –> deoxygenated blood
- L side to R side
- L ventricle –> aorta (highest pressure ) –> body tissues –> small arteries –> arterioles (regulate flow) –> systemic capillaries (gas exchange) –> venules –> veins –> vena cava (lowest pressure) –> R. Atrium
Systemic Circuit
Which part of the systemic circuit has the highest pressure? Lowest pressure?
- aorta; vena cava
What type of blood vessel is a major regulator of blood flow?
arterioles- they have the greatest impact on BP. When we talk about vasoconstriction/ dilation, we are talking about these things.
Example: when excerise, arterioles to skeletal m. dilate for more blood flow and O2 and the kidney’s arterioles constrict to decrease blood flow to the kidney’s
Coronary Circuit
Coronary Artery supplies [_____] blood to the [_____]
- oxygenated
- heart muscle (myocardium)
Coronary Circuit
Coronary Vein supplies [] blood to the []
- deoxygenated
- R atrium
Explain the coronary circulation
in main document flow chart under “coronary circuit”
- What is a common artery that can be blocked to cause a heart attack?
- What part of the heart does that artery supply?
- Where does this artery branch off of?
* Left Anterior descending (interventricular) artery
* cardiac muscles of the left ventricle
* Left coronary artery, which is from the aorta.
heart dz
- How does one get a heart attack?
- What is another name for heart attack?
- artery is blocked (ie. by atherosclerotic plaque) –> no blood with O2 and energy to cardiac muscle cells –> cells become ischemic and damaged and die fast –> not enough power to pump blood to the body –> heart attack
- myocardial infarction
Conduction System of the Heart
The conduction system of the heart causes ____ atria to ____ and then ____ ventricles to ______ from the ______ in order to move the blood through the heart
- both; contract; both; contract; bottom up
Conduction System of the Heart
What allows the heart to contract on its own in an orderly and sequential manner?
Where is this thing located and what does this thing do?
- SA node cardiac pacemaker cells in the R atrium
- it can generate its own electrical impulses/ action potentials to control heart contractions.