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Respiratory II Exam 1 > Respiratory Physiology II > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology II Flashcards

1
Q

increased VR

A

with inspiration - to right heart

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2
Q

decreased VR

A

with inspiration - to left heart

pulmonary vessel expansion

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3
Q

inspiration

A

systemic arterial pressure decrease

-heart rate increases

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4
Q

expiration

A

increased BP and decreased HR

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5
Q

alveolar gas equation**

A

PAO2 = (Patm - PH2O) FIO2 - PACO2/R

FIO2 - fraction of inspired oxygen - should be 0.21

R - normally 0.8

normally around 100mmHg

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6
Q

PACO2

A

typically 40mmHg

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7
Q

venous O2 and CO2

A

PVO2 - 40mmHg

PVCO2 - 47mmHg

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8
Q

air PO2

A

150

drops to 100 in alveoli

drops to 40 in tissues

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9
Q

CO2

A

diffuses faster than O2

-greater solubility

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10
Q

diffusion of gas

A

Vgas ~ A/T x D x deltaP

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11
Q

perfusion limited gases

A

N2O

O2

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12
Q

measure uptake of CO

A

diffusion capacity of lung

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13
Q

diffusion limited

A

O2 - in fibrosis, emphysema

CO**

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14
Q

O2 content of blood

A

(1.39 x Hb x Sat/100) + 0.0003PO2 dissolved

** know this equation

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15
Q

normal Hg

A

15 g/dL

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16
Q

2,3 DPG

A

increased in response to hypoxemia

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17
Q

promoted offloading of O2 from Hg

A 
increased T
increased pCO2
increased 2,3, DPG
increased H+
decreased pH
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18
Q

shift of Hb-O2 curve to left

A

decreased T
decreased pCO2
decreased 2,3 BPG
decreased H

increased affinity

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19
Q

deoxygenated Hb

A

carries more CO2 than oygenated blood

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20
Q

CO2 transport

A

majority - bicarb
dissolved
complexed to proteins

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21
Q

dorsal respiratory group

A

medulla

inspiration

to phrenic

22
Q

ventral respiratory group

A

medulla

expiratory

to intercostals and abdominal muscles

23
Q

phrenic nerve

A

diaphragm

24
Q

pontine centers

A

modify medullary oscillation

gives better timing

25
Q

apneustic center

A

pontine

-stimulate inspiration

26
Q

pneumotaxic center

A

pontine

-inhibit inspiration

27
Q

vagal afferents

A

pulmonary stretch receptors
-terminate inspiration

rapid adapting receptors
-promote inspiration

C fibers - chemoreceptors - histamine and prostaglandin response - change HR, BP, RR

28
Q

RAR

A

rapid adapting receptors
-rate of change receptors

promote inspiration

29
Q

muscle afferents

A

muscle spindle - length
tendon organs - tension info
joint receptors - rib joint motion

30
Q

central chemoreceptors

A

ventral surface of medulla

sense pH changes in CSF

NO O2 sensor

-stimulation increases tidal volume**

31
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors

A

carotid and aortic bodies

glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve

-respond to PaO2 and PaCO2 (pH)

weak O2 response til falls below 60mmHg**

then respiration increased

32
Q

blood brain barrier

A

permeable to CO2

central chemoreceptors - sense changes in H+

33
Q

CO2

A

more important for respiratory drive than O2

34
Q

metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

immediate resp compensation

35
Q

acute and chronic resp acidosis/alkalosis

A

acute - no renal compensation

chronic - with renal compensation

36
Q

normal alveolar to arterial oxygen difference

A

around 5 mmHg

older - increased

37
Q

first cause of hypoxemia

A

decreased PIO2
-ex. at elevation

decreased Patm

normal alveolar to arterial O2**

38
Q

alveolar hypoventilation

A

increased CO2 and decreased O2 in alveolar

normal alveolar to arterial O2**

second cause of hypoxemia

39
Q

barbituates

A

decreased resp drive

not responsive to CO2 changes

sole drive is hypoxemia - low O2

giving O2 - this gets rid of this drive to breath = BAD

40
Q

shunt

A

ventilation/perfusion mismatch = shunt

blood bypasses alveoli

increased alveolar-arterial O2**

41
Q

V/Q matching

A

gas exchange worse with increased V/Q mismatch

greatest ration at apex

low ration at base - but ventilation and perfusion are increased

42
Q

partial pressure of O2

A

higher at apex

43
Q

partial pressure of CO2

A

higher at base

44
Q

decreased ventilation

A

more significant than decreased perfusion

45
Q

fluid filled alveoli

A

causes shunted blood

46
Q

individual with hypoxemia

A

nothing happens

-likely a shunt

47
Q

diffusion impairment

A

cause 4 of hypoxemia

alveolar-arterial PO2 increased**

thicker membrane for diffusion - decreased O2 to blood

48
Q

V-Q mismatch

A

may respond to supplement O2

49
Q

shunt**

A

no response to supplemental O2**

50
Q

diffusion abnormality

A

will respond to supplemental O2

more present during exertion**

Respiratory II Exam 1 (11 decks)

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