ENT Pathology II

Question 1

with any infection

Answer 1

tonsils swell

-lymphoid hyperplasia

Question 2

tonsils

Answer 2

rarely cause blockage

adenoid *superior
-can cause obstruction

Question 3

waldeyers ring

Answer 3

palatine tonsils
tubal tonsis
adenoids
lingual tonsils

Question 4

sleep apnea

Answer 4

can occur secondary to lymphoid hyperplasia

Question 5

recurrent otitis media

Answer 5

can occur secondary to lymphoid hyperplasia

Question 6

difficult to arouse, sleepy, poor attention, snoring

Answer 6

sleep apnea

can be secondary to lymphoid hyperplasia

Question 7

whooping cough

Answer 7

bordetella pertussis

PCR testing best

Tx - antibiotic

Question 8

small gram - coccobacilli

Answer 8

bordetella pertussis

Question 9

DTaP

Answer 9

vaccine

• diptheria
• tetanus
• acellular pertussis

Question 10

stage 1 whooping cough

Answer 10

catarrhal phase

• like UR infection
• nasal congestions, rhinorrhea, sneezing

**pt most infectious in catarrhal phase

Question 11

stage 2 whooping cough

Answer 11

paroxysmal phase

• posttussive vomiting
• coughing followed by loud whoop

infants - no whoop - just apneic episodes

Question 12

stage 3 whooping cough

Answer 12

convalescent phase

-chronic cough lasting weeks

Question 13

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 13

three types

• keratinizing
• nonkeratinizing
• undifferentiated

EBV related

EBER positive

Question 14

EBER positive

Answer 14

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 15

africa

Answer 15

nasopharyngeal carcinoma common in children

Question 16

south china

Answer 16

nasopharyngeal carcinoma common in adults

Question 17

keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 17

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 18

nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 19

with lymphoid component

best prognosis
EBV related
EBER positive

Question 20

acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Answer 20

most secondary to viruses

adenovirus ds-DNA

Question 21

5-15yo, sore throat, fever, strawberry tongue, petechiae on palate, erythematous pharynx, HA, N/V, tender cervical nodes, enlarged tonsils

Answer 21

group A streptococcus

Question 22

cough coryza, hoarseness, conjunctivitis

Answer 22

suggest virus

Question 23

filament, anaerobe, gram negative rod

Answer 23

fusobacterium necrophorum

common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

Question 24

lemierre syndrome

Answer 24

pharyngeal abscess with thrombi that break off

secondary jugular vein thrombophlebitis

possibly from fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 25

corynbacterium diptheriae

Answer 25

non-spore forming gram-positive rod | -carries tox gene

Question 26

exudative pharyngitis that gets worse with pseudomembrane formation

Answer 26

diptheria

Question 27

rhinovirus

Answer 27

indirect pharyngitis nasal mucous membrane growth an cause swelling of membranes in areas of pharynx

Question 28

adenovirus

Answer 28

pharyngoconjunctival fever fever, sore throat, pink eye

Question 29

conjunctivitis

Answer 29

pink eye

Question 30

monospot test

Answer 30

for infectious mononucleosis -EBV infection pharyngitis, tonsillitis, lymphadenitis, hepatosplenomegaly

Question 31

influenza

Answer 31

pharyngitis

Question 32

CMV and HIV

Answer 32

like mono - but monospot negative

Question 33

epiglottitis

Answer 33

dangerous - airway obstruction airflow resistance to power of 5 main cause - H. influenza

Question 34

pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli in upper airways

Answer 34

haem influenza

Question 35

acute laryngitis

Answer 35

less than 3 weeks

Question 36

hoarseness, decreased vocal volume, pain with speech

Answer 36

laryngitis often 3-5yo and 18-40yo

Question 37

laryngitis

Answer 37

abrupt onset - less than 3 week duration aphonia - progressive hoarseness viruses main cause - rhinovirus, parainfluenza, RSV, adenovirus

Question 38

laryngotracheobronchitis

Answer 38

croup | aka laryngotracheitis

Question 39

insipratory stridor and seal like bark

Answer 39

croup | -parainfluenza

Question 40

croup

Answer 40

inflammation in subglottic larynx and trachea around cricoid cartilage Tx - short term steroids and reduce inflammation

Question 41

steeple sign

Answer 41

or bottle sign -in croup narrowing of subglottic airway

Question 42

reinke edema

Answer 42

vocal cords edematous aka polypoid corditis middle age females who are heavy smokers reversible