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Respiratory II Exam 1 > Lung Pathology I > Flashcards

Lung Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

aspiration

A

down right lung - straight bronchus

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2
Q

lying down

A

aspiration to left upper lobe

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3
Q

conducting vs. respiratory

A

respiratory - where alveoli gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

size of particles

A

less than 10 microns - alveolar damage

less than 5 microns - real bad damage to alveoli

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5
Q

bronchus

A

cartilage

AND submucosal glands

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6
Q

bronchiole

A

no cartilage

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7
Q

clara cells

A

in bronchioles

dome shaped cells with short microvilli

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8
Q

surfactant

A

type II pneumocytes

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9
Q

pores of kohn

A

intraalveolar macrophages

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10
Q

lobule

A

cluster of terminal bronchioles and all attached acini

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11
Q

acinus

A

resp bronchiole and all attached alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

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12
Q

canals of lambert

A

openings between bronchi and alveoli

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13
Q

pulmonary hypoplasia

A

lungs don’t develop fully

-oligohydramnios - uterus squeeze fetus

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14
Q

TE fistula

A

most common - blind pouch

bloated belly - trachea connect to esophagus

blind pouch - can cause oligohydramnios during pregnancy

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15
Q

respiratory epithelium midline cyst in mediastinum or hilar location

A

bronchogenic congenital foregut cyst

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16
Q

squamous mucosa midline cyst

A

esophageal congenital foregut cyst

17
Q

intestinal mucosa midline cyst

A

enteric congenital foregut cyst

18
Q

congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

A

hamartoma lesion with abnormal bronchiolar tissue

adenomatoid - confined to bronchioles

resp difficulty or recurring infection

type I - large good prognosis
type II - smaller , bad, other congen anomalies

19
Q

bronchopulmonary sequestrations

A

area of lung not connected to airways

blood supply - systemic arteries

20
Q

extralobar bronchopulmonary sequestrations

A

no connection to pulmonary circulation or bronchiole tree

21
Q

intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestrations

A

acquired - recurrent infection

-scarring of bronchi - stenotic

22
Q

true nuchal cord

A

neck wrapped with umbilical cord

-see compression strangulation marks

23
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

deficient surfactant - immature lungs

need to stress baby - more surfactant

  • stess = delivery
  • also - high insulin inhibits secretion
24
Q

glandular

A

20 weeks

25
Q

saccular

A

30 weeks

  • not good air exchange
  • no surfactant
26
Q

alveolar

A

term

-but at birth, lung still not mature

27
Q

measure of surfactant

A

L/S ration > 2 mature
<1 immature

gold standard

28
Q

foam stability index

A

shake to see suds

29
Q

mechanism of hyaline membrane disease

A 
no surfactant 
> atelectasis
> hypoxemia 
> acidosis
> endo and epi damage
> plasma leak
> fibrin and necrotic cells deposited = hyaline

occurs after birth**

30
Q

preterm baby, mom DM, C section, low APGAR, become cyanotic, rales, reticulonodular ground glass

A

respiratory distress syndrome

-O2 therapy needed

31
Q

RDS clinical

A

artifical surfactant
steroids

O2 therapy - risks of retinopathy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

32
Q

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

criteria - 28 days O2 therapy and 36 weeks post menstrual age

alveolar hypoplasia and thick walls

high O2 - decreases lung maturity

arrest at SACCULAR stage

33
Q

mucoviscidosis

A

cystic fibrosis

disorder of epithelial transport

mutation in CFTR genes

34
Q

Dx of cystic fibrosis

A

history in sibling
positive newborn screening result

and

  • increased sweat chloride two or more occasions**
  • two CFTR mutations
  • abnormal epithelial nasal ion transport
35
Q

delta508

A

mutations in CF

36
Q

Tx of CF

A 
pancreatic insufficiency
vit deficiency
pulmonary disease
antibiotics
hypertonic saline
high dose ibuprofen

heart/lung transplant
-cor pulmonale

37
Q

antibiotics in CF

A

cover pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q

ALTE

A

apparent life threatening event

infants who have one are increased risk of future resp failure

Respiratory II Exam 1 (11 decks)

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