ENT Pathology III Flashcards
injury to vocal cord
rxn is vocal cord nodule and polyp
heavy smokers
recurrent voice strain
“singers nodules”
virtually never give rise to cancers
nodules
bilateral and small
polyp
unilateral and larger
papillomatosis
multiple
-children
juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis
papilloma
single
-adults
can be recurrent
benign neoplasm on vocal cord
papilloma
single in adults
multiple in children
HPV causes
can develop dysplasia and malignancy
prolonged hoarseness, dysphagia, palpable cervical lymph nodes, male, smoker, drinker,, 65-74yo
squamous cell carcinoma of larynx
premalignant changes in invasive carcinoma
hyperplasia > hyperkeratosis > dysplasia > carcinoma in situ > cancer
glottic carcinoma
involve true vocal cords
majority**
5 5yr survival 65%
supraglottic carcinoma
laryngeal epiglottis, false vocal cords, laryngeal ventricles
often discovered late - later stage
5 yr survival 45%
subclottic carcinoma
more than 10mm below free margin of true vocal cords up to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
transglottic carcinoma
involve true and false vocal cords
worst prognosis
squamous cell carcinoma of larynx
intrinsic - confined to larynx
extrinsic - beyond the larynx
stage 4
distal metastasis
stage 1
localized tumor