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Respiratory II Exam 1 > Lung Pathology II > Flashcards

Lung Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

risk for infection

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2
Q

resorption atelectasis

A

airway obstruction with mediastinal shift toward involved lung

pressure drops distal to obstruction

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3
Q

compression atelectasis

A

something outside of lung in thoracic cavity

mediastinal shift away from involved lung

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4
Q

contraction atelectasis

A

secondary to fibrosis of lung or pleura

irreversible

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5
Q

hemodynamic pulmonary edema

A

left sided heart failure
-increased hydrostatic pressure

basal lower lobes

heart failure cells
brown induration of lung

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6
Q

microvascular pulmonary edema

A

increased permeability

  • due to infection, toxic
  • if diffuse - leads to ARDS
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7
Q

brown induration

A

hemodynamic pulmonary edema

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8
Q

edema of undetermined origin

A

high altitude

CNS trauma

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9
Q

acute lung injury

A

non-cardiac pulmonary edema

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10
Q

criteria for acute lung injury

A
  • acute onset of dyspnea
  • hypoxemia
  • b/l infiltrates
  • absence of left side HF

may lead to ARDS

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11
Q

diffuse alveolar damage

A

adult acute respiratory distress syndrome

pt with severe disease

diffuse damage to alveolar cap walls
> lead to neutrophil migration

secondary loss of surfactant

ex/ formaline

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12
Q

50% of cases of acute RDS

A

sepsis
diffuse pulmonary infection
gastric aspiration
mechanical trauma

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13
Q

sick patient with rapid onset dyspnea and tachypnea, cyanosis, resp failure, diffuse bilateral infiltrates on xray

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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14
Q

acute interstitial pneumonia

A

like ARDS but no associated causative disorder

59yo
acute resp failure following illness of < 3 weeks resembling infection

mortality dead within 2 months

aka hamman-rich syndrome

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15
Q

obstructive disease

A

FEV1/FVC reduced < 0.7

due to resistance increase

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis
asthma

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16
Q

restrictive disease

A

limited total lung capacity and residual volume

FEV1/FVC near normal

chest wall disorders
obesity
ARDS
interstitial fibrosis
pneumoconioses
17
Q

chronic bronchoitis

A

mucus gland hyperplasia and secretion

cough and sputum production

obstructive

18
Q

emphysema

A

acinus airway enlargement

tobacco smoke

dyspnea

19
Q

bronchiolitis

A

small airway disease - scarring and inflammation

cough dyspnea

20
Q

centriacinar emphysema

A

SMOKING

predominantly upper lobes

majority**

affects respiratory bronchioles

21
Q

panacinar emphysema

A

alpha1 antitrypsin, smoking

lower lobes, anterior

affect alveolus and alveolar ducts

22
Q

alpha-1 anti-trypsin

A

inhibits neutrophil elastase

deficient pt - early emphysema - due to proteolytic digestion of alveolar walls

23
Q

barrel chest, dyspnea, cough, wheezing, low FEV1, high TLC and RV

A

emphysema

formation of bullae

24
Q

pink puffers

A

forward leaning and pursed lips

emphysema

25
Q

compensatory hyperinflammation

A

occurs because of loss of adjacent tissue

26
Q

obstructive overinflammation

A

overexpansion of trapped air

object forming one way valve

27
Q

interstitial emphysema

A

air in emphysema

increased air in soft tissues

after trauma - rip in lung

28
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

3 months of productive cough/year for 2 consecutive years

hypersecretion of mucus

increased reid index

can lead to bronchiolitis obliterans

29
Q

red index

A

ratio of submucosal glands

thickness of gland / thickness of wall

> 0.4 - hyperplasia

increased in chronic bronchitis

30
Q

blue bloaters

A

chronic bronchitis

  • gas exchange impaired
  • cyanosis
  • hypercapnia
  • hypoxemia

co pulmonale

31
Q

asthma

A

episodic partially reversible bronchoconstriction

nighttime, early morning

causes - allergens, exercise, cold, etc.

32
Q

status asthmaticus

A

acute severe asthma

33
Q

type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE Abs to allergens

Th2 resonse with increased IgE and eosinophils

mast cell release histamine

stimulation of vagal - bronchoconstriction PS

34
Q

RAST testing

A

for allergens

-high false positives

35
Q

non-atopic asthma

A

pulmonary infection and air pollutant

no eosino or IgE

infection lowers threshold for vagal responses

36
Q

drug induced asthma

A

aspirin - classic cause

-inhibit COX pathway - favored leukotriene production - favor bronchoconstriction

37
Q

asthma morphology

A 
epithelial injury
fibrosis
eosinos
hypertrophy/plasia of glands
smooth m hypertrophy/plasia
increased vascularity
38
Q

curschmann spiral

A

strips of dead epithelium

in asthma
-as well as charcot leyden crystals (eosino-rich)

39
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

secondary to infection

foul smelling sputum

also CF and kartagener

and aspergillosis

Respiratory II Exam 1 (11 decks)

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