Respiratory Pharmacology

Question 1

Which 3 drugs are capable of B1 and B2 stimulation (Non-selective beta agonists)?

Answer 1

1. Epinephrine
2. Ephedrine
3. Isoproterenol

Question 2

Which 3 drugs are solely capable of B2 stimulation (Selective beta-2 agonists)?

Answer 2

1. Terbutaline
2. Albuterol
3. Clenbuterol

Question 3

What are the adverse effects of clenbuterol?

Answer 3

1. Muscle tremors
2. Tachycardia
3. Restlessness
4. Urticaria

Question 4

What effect do beta 2 agonists have on the airways?

Answer 4

Bronchodilation

Question 5

What effect do beta 2 agonists have on the uterus?

Answer 5

Inhibit uterine contraction

Question 6

For what species is Clenbuterol approved in the U.S.?

Answer 6

Equine

Question 7

What is Ventipulmin?

Answer 7

Clenbuterol

Question 8

What type of effect do low levels of Clenbuterol have?

Answer 8

Beta 2 activity

Question 9

What type of effect do high levels of Clenbuterol have?

Answer 9

Beta 1 activity in addition to beta 2 activity

Question 10

How does Clenbuterol effect ciliary function?

Answer 10

Increases ciliary beat frequency

Question 11

How does Clenbuterol effect uterine contractility ?

Answer 11

Decreases uterine contractions

Question 12

According to the Association of Racing Commissioners International, Clenbuterol is a drug of which classification?

Answer 12

Classification 3

Question 13

True or False: Clenbuterol does enhance racing performance in horses.

Answer 13

FALSE - there is no cardiopulmonary advantage in healthy horses.

Question 14

What is the MOA of methylxanthine derivatives?

Answer 14

Inhibit phosphodiesterase

Question 15

What are 2 methylxanthine derivatives?

Answer 15

1. Theophylline

2. Aminophylline

Question 16

What is the adverse effect associated with beta agonists?

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction

Question 17

What are the adverse effects associated with methylxanthine derivatives?

Answer 17

1. CNS excitation
2. GI upset
3. Diuresis
4. Tachycardia

Question 18

What is the effect of methylxanthines on mast cells?

Answer 18

Inhibit mast cell degranulation

Question 19

What is the effect of methylxanthines on the airways?

Answer 19

Bronchodilation

Question 20

What is the effect of methylxanthines on the mucociliary escalator?

Answer 20

Increases mucociliary clearance

Question 21

Which of the following can be used in small animals and horses, Theophylline or Aminophylline?

Answer 21

Theophylline

Question 22

What are the adverse effects of theophylline small animals?

Answer 22

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. PU/PD/PP
3. Diarrhea
4. Restlessness
5. Increased gastric acidity

Question 23

What are 3 anticholinergic modulators of the respiratory tract?

Answer 23

1. Atropine
2. Glycopyrrolate
3. Ipratropium

Question 24

Which has the longer 1/2 life, atropine or glycopyrrolate?

Answer 24

Glycopyrrolate

Question 25

What are 3 adverse effects of atropine?

Answer 25

1. Tachycardia
2. Ileus/GI stasis
3. Decreased mucociliary clearance

Question 26

Which is a “better” bronchodilator, atropine or ipratropium?

Answer 26

Ipratropium

Question 27

There are 2 classes of antitussives, what are they?

Answer 27

1. Peripheral

2. Central

Question 28

What type of peripheral antitussive is potassium iodide?

Answer 28

Expectorants

Question 29

How does potassium iodide work?

Answer 29

Increases fluidity of respiratory secretions

Question 30

Which 2 bronchodilators are also peripheral anti-tussives?

Answer 30

1. Ephedrine

2. Theophylline

Question 31

What are the 3 central narcotic anti-tussives?

Answer 31

1. Codeine
2. Hydrocodone
3. Butorphanol

Question 32

What are the 2 adverse effects of codeine, hydrocodone, and butorphanol?

Answer 32

1. Sedation

2. Constipation