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Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Polymyxins > Flashcards

Polymyxins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of the polymyxins?

A

Bind to LPS on bacterial cell wall and disrupt the cell wall.

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2
Q

Are polymyxins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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3
Q

Do polymyxins work on gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria?

A

Gram (-)

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4
Q

Is metronidazole bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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5
Q

What is the spectrum metronidazole?

A
  1. Anaerobes
  2. All protozoa
  3. Anthelminthic
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6
Q

Which drug will never antagonize another drug?

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

Which two toxicities are associated with metronidazole?

A
  1. Carcinogenesis

2. Peripheral neuropathy

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8
Q

True or False: The peripheral neuropathy associated with metronidazole toxicity is reversible.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What is the treatment for peripheral neuropathy associated with metronidazole toxicity?

A

Diazepam

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10
Q

For what is metronidazole used in food animals?

A

Metronidazole is BANNED in food animals

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11
Q

What are the MOA for the nitrofurans?

A
  1. Same as metronidazole
  2. Blocks Krebs cycle
  3. Anti-70S
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12
Q

What is the spectrum of the nitrofurans?

A

Anaerobes and aerobes

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13
Q

What are the 2 toxicities associated with the nitrofurans?

A
  1. Same as metronidazole (peripheral neuropathies & carcinogenesis)
  2. Coagulopathies
  3. Cardiotoxic
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14
Q

What are 2 clinical uses for the nitrofurans?

A
  1. Topically for wounds

2. UTIs

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15
Q

Which of the following is banned in food animals: metronidazole or the nitrofurans?

A

BOTH

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Isoniazid?

A
  1. Mycobacterium converts Isoniazid to a free radical
  2. Free radical inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
  3. Mycolic acid is necessary for cell wall synthesis
17
Q

Is Isoniazid bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

18
Q

What is the spectrum of Isoniazid?

A
  1. M.bovis

2. M. tuberculosis

19
Q

What is the #1 choice vs. human tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid

20
Q

What are the 2 toxicities associated with Isoniazid?

A
  1. Neurotoxicity

2. Hepatitis

21
Q

Which 3 antibiotics are safe for use in guinea pigs?

A
  1. Enrofloxacin
  2. SMZ-TMP
  3. Doxycycline
22
Q

Integrons are transferred by ____.

A

Bacteriophage

23
Q

Plasmids are transferred by ____.

A

Conjugation

24
Q

What is the MOA of the bisphosphonates?

A

Inhibit DNA relaxase

25
Q

Are the bisphosphonates bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

26
Q

Bisphosphonates will only kill bugs with both ____ and ____.

A

Integrons and plasmids

27
Q

What is used to treat malignant hyperthermia in turkeys?

A

Reserpine

28
Q

What is a long-term tranquilizer in horses?

A

Reserpine

Pharmacology Fall 2016 (17 decks)

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