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Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Avermectins > Flashcards

Avermectins Flashcards

1
Q

Avermectins are antibiotics originally from ____ ____.

A

Streptomyces avermitilis

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2
Q

What are the 4 generic avermectins?

A
  1. Ivermectin
  2. Doramectin
  3. Selamectin
  4. Eprinomectin
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3
Q

What are the 2 generic milbemycins?

A
  1. Milbemycin

2. Moxidectin

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4
Q

____ ____ is a diluent used in Ivermectin.

A

Propylene glycol

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5
Q

What are the 2 constituents of Ivermectin?

A
  1. Macrolide

2. Sugar molecule

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6
Q

What are the 4 modes of action of Ivermectin?

A
  1. Increases opening of Cl- ions
  2. Allosteric modulator of ligand-gated ion channels
  3. Inhibit movement, pharyngeal pumping, and egg laying in nematodes due to increased inhibitory ion-channels
  4. Inhibit muscle contraction in insects because of GluCl channels present on body muscle
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7
Q

Which of the following is Ivermectin effective against: Nematode adults, nematode larvae, insects, flukes, lice, fleas, filaria, mites.

A
  1. Nematode adults
  2. Nematode larvae
  3. Filaria
  4. Insects
  5. Lice
  6. Mites
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8
Q

What is the spectrum of Ivermectin in the horse?

A
  1. Bots
  2. Stronglyes
  3. Pinworms
  4. Ascarids
  5. Stomach worms
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9
Q

What is the spectrum of Ivermectin in the pig?

A
  1. Major GI worms
  2. Lungworms
  3. Kidney worms
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10
Q

What is the spectrum of Ivermectin in the dog?

A
  1. Microfilariae
  2. Whipworms
  3. Ascarids
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11
Q

Is Ivermectin lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

Lipophilic

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12
Q

The concentration of Ivermectin is highest in which 3 tissues?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Fat
  3. Bile
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13
Q

The concentration of Ivermectin is lowest in which tissue?

A

Brain

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14
Q

____ ____ accounts for 98% of elimination of Ivermectin.

A

Fecal excretion (via bile)

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15
Q

In which animal can Ivermectin NOT be used?

A

Lactating diary cows

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16
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal time of Ivermectin in swine?

A

5 days (PO

18 days (SQ)

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17
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal time of Ivermectin in sheep?

A

11 days (PO)

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18
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal time of Ivermectin in cattle?

A

35 days (SQ)

49 days (pour on)

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19
Q

True or False: Ivermectin is teratogenic.

A

FALSE - Ivermectin is safe in pregnant animals.

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20
Q

Eprinomectin is a treatment for bovine ___ and ___.

A

Nematodes and ectoparasites

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21
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal period for Eprinomectin in cattle?

A

There is NO pre-slaughter w/d period

22
Q

What is the milk discard time of Eprinomectin in cattle?

A

There is NO milk discard time

23
Q

What is Dectomax?

A

Doramectin

24
Q

Which is more lipophilic, Ivermectin or Doramectin?

A

Doramectin

25
Q

Which has a longer plasma half-life, Ivermectin or Doramectin?

A

Doramectin

26
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal time for Doramectin (SQ/IM)?

A

35 days

27
Q

What is the pre-slaughter withdrawal time for Doramectin (pour on)?

A

45 days

28
Q

How is Selamectin applied in dogs and cats?

A

Topically 1x / month

29
Q

What is the common name of Selamectin?

A

Revolution

30
Q

What is Selamectin 1 effective against in the dog?

A
  1. Heartworm preventative
  2. Fleas
  3. Ear mites
  4. Ticks
  5. Sarcoptic mites
31
Q

What is Selamectin 1 effective against in the cat?

A
  1. Heartworm preventative
  2. Hookworms
  3. Fleas
  4. Ascarids
  5. Fleas
32
Q

Selamectin 2 is more bio-available in the dog or the cat?

A

Cat (74% vs. 4%)

33
Q

What is the plasma half-life of Selamectin 2 in the dog?

A

11 days

34
Q

What is the plasma half-life of Selamectin in the cat?

A

8 days

35
Q

Which is safer, Selamectin 2 or Ivermectin?

A

Selamectin 2

36
Q

Which is longer acting, Ivermectin or Moxidectin?

A

Moxidectin

37
Q

Which is more lipid soluble, Ivermectin or Moxidectin?

A

Moxidectin

38
Q

What is the pre-slaugter withdrawal time of Moxidectin in cattle?

A

NONE when administered topically

39
Q

What is the milk withdrawal time of Moxidectin in cattle?

A

NONE when administered topically

40
Q

What is the Moxidectin preparation in the dog called?

A

Proheart

41
Q

What is the use of Proheart in the dog?

A

Oral and SQ against eartworm prevention

42
Q

What is the Moxidectin preparation in the cat called?

A

Cydectin

43
Q

What is the use of Cydectin in the cat?

A

Injectable and pour on against nematodes and ectoparasites

44
Q

What is the Moxidectin preparation in the horse?

A

Quest

45
Q

What is Milbemycin used to control?

A
  1. Heartworm
  2. Ascarids
  3. Hookworms
  4. Whipworms
46
Q

___% of a Milbemycin dose is absorbed.

A

10%

47
Q

Milbemycin can also be used in the control of demodex. What is the treatment plan?

A

1x / day at 2-3 mg/kg for 1-3 months

48
Q

True or False: Milbemycin is not to be administered to nursing pups.

A

FALSE - Milbemycin is not harmful to nursing pups.

49
Q

True or False: Milbemycin is not to be administered to pregnant bitches because of its harmfulness to fetuses.

A

FALSE - Milbemycin is not harmful to fetuses.

50
Q

Review: what is the pre-slaughter withdrawal period of pour-on ivermectin & doramectin in cattle?

A

7 weeks

51
Q

Review: what is the pre-slaughter withdrawal period of pour-on eprinomectin & moxidectin?

A

There is NO withdrawal period

52
Q

Adverse effects associated with the Avermectins are due to ____ receptor stimulation when these antibiotics get into the brain.

A

GABA

Pharmacology Fall 2016 (17 decks)

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