Respiratory Pathology Flashcards
What is Atelectasis? 3 types?
Collapse or incomplete expansion of part of all of the lung.
- Contraction: scarring
- Resorption: Obstruction of airway
- Compressive: edema or pnuemothorax
What is Acute Lung Inflammation? What are the two stages?
Injury to pneumocytes and endothelial cells with prolonged neutrophils.
Exudative: secreted stuff blocking airways.
Proliferative: Organized
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Inability of immature newborns to synthesize surfactants-deflated lung.
What is bronchial asthma?
Chronic inflammatory of airways resulting in contraction of bronchial muscles and smooth muscle proliferation.
What is atopic Asthma?
Genetic disposition with type I hypersensitivity. Airway remolding, edema, inflammation, increased mucus.
What is non-atopic asthma?
Viral infections and inhaled pollutants cause reaction.
What is COPD? 2 types?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
- Emphysema: Destruction of alveoli tissue
- Bronchitis:inflammation, loss of cilation, goblet cell hyperplasia.
What is Bronchiectasis?
Dilation of bronchi secondary to chronic inflammation and obstruction.
What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis causing hypoxia and cyanosis.
What is Pneumoconoises? Examples?
Disorders caused by inhalation of inorganic elements primarily metals. Carbon dust, abestos, Silicosis.
What is pulmonary edema and what are the two types?
Fluid fills pulmonary spaces.
- Cardiogenic
- Non-cardiogenic: Infection, airway obstruction, ascent to high altitude..
What is pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot usually arising form veins in legs.
What is the difference between pneumonia and opportunistic pneumonia?
Opportunistic effect immunosuppressed patients.
What are hypersensitivity pneumonitis? Examples?
Immunologically mediated disorder affecting airways and interstitium.
Farmers lung, Pigeon breeders, Air-condition lung.
