Respiratory Embryology

Question 1

What is External, Internal, and Cellular Respiration?

Answer 1

External=exchange of gases between air and blood
Internal=Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid.
Cellular= Metabolic reactions during the production of ATP.

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

1. Provides gas exchange surface area between air and blood.
2. Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs.
3. Protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment.
4. Produces sound.
5. Participates in olfaction.

Question 3

What is the respiratory defense system?

Answer 3

Mucous cells, Mucous glands, Cilia.

Question 4

Describe the steps in the formation of the lungs.

Answer 4

1. Septum transversum divides thoracic.peritoneal cavities.
2. Lungs expand into the pericardioperitoneal canals
3. Pericardial and pleural cavities separated by pleuropericardial folds.
4. Pleuroperitoneal membrane covers the pericardioperitoneal canals that the septum didn’t cover.

Question 5

What is a diaphragmatic Hernia? Where does it most happen and why? Can cause what?

Answer 5

Congenital defect of diaphragm completely closing. Usually happens left side as that is the last cavity to close. Can cause permanent lung loss as lungs never fully got to develop due to less room to grow.

Question 6

What germ layers come together to form the lung?

Answer 6

Endoderm and Mesoderm

Question 7

Trachial and bronchial mesenchyme each to what in terms of lung branching?

Answer 7

Tracheal inhibits branching

Bronchial promotes branching

Question 8

What gene is very critical for lung development?

Answer 8

FGF10