Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is in the upper respiratory system? Lower?
Upper= Nasal cavity, Pharynx Lower= Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
Describe the movement of air into the body during the first portion of the respiratory tract.
- Nostril
- Nasal cavity
- Nasopharynx
- Pharynx
What are the 3 segments of the pharynx, and what epithelium do they contain?
- Nasopharynx: Pseudo ciliated columnar
- Oropharynx: Stratified squamous
- Laryngopharynx: Stratified squamous
What are the layers of the respiratory membrane?
- Alveolar Epithelium
- Fused Basement Membrane
- Endothelial Cells
What are the cohesive forces in the lungs and what does it do?
Keep parietal pleural membrane attached to Visceral Pleural membrane, but can slide across each other.
What is the pressure like in the initrapleural space?
Negative pressure, -3 mmHg
What is FRC?
Functional Residual Capacity. Volume of lungs during rest.
What contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation?
Diaphragm and esternal intercostal muscles, Sternocleidomastoid.
What nerve impacts the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve.
What is the equation for Alveolar Ventilation?
Va=Vt=Vd (tidal volume-dead space)
What is the equation for Minute Alveolar Ventilation (MAV)?
MAV=Rate per min (Vt-Vd)
Where is ventilation higher in the lung and why?
Ventilation is higher at the base of the lung do to higher compliance. (Slinky)
What is the flow of oxygen and their percentages?
1.5% of oxygen intake will be stuck in plasma. 98% will be bound to Hemoglobin and slowly be released to body.
What is the flow of Co2 and their percentages? What converts carbonic acid?
%7 will remain in plasma. 93% will go to blood cells. 23% is bound by hemaglobin, but %70 is converted to Carbonic acid. This is then converted to hydrogen ions and bicarbinate.
Carbonic Anhydrase converts carbonic acid.
What are the Co2 and Oxygen partial pressures like in the lung compared to atomosphere?
Larger partial pressure of Co2 in the lung to do Co2 contribution from venous blood.
