Respiratory Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the structure of the pulmonary system?
A
- Conducting
- Nostrils, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
- Transitional
- Bronchioles
- Gas Exchange
- Alveolar ducts & alveoli
2
Q
What are the defenses of the pulmonary system?
A
- Nasal cavity
- Mucus
- Antibody & innate defenses
- Alveolar macrophages
3
Q
What can cause luminal exudate in lungs?
A
- Inhalation of toxic chemical or gas
- Inhalation of infectious bacteria or viruses
- Lead to inflammatory response at the sight of injury?
4
Q
What are the signs of intraluminal exudate/mucus?
A
- coughing
- gagging
- dyspnea
- decreased exercise tolerance
5
Q
What is Choanal Atresia?
A
- Imperforate Choana
- Persistent buccopharyngeal septum
- Congenital
- Cannot breathe while eating/drinking
- will result in aspiration pneumonia
- epiglottis fails and liquid enters lungs
6
Q
What is palatoschisis?
A
- Cleft palate
- normally soft palate, but can also be hard palate
- Congenital defect
- leads to aspiration pneumonia
- liquid enters the nasopharynx and then the lungs
- usually dies
- leads to aspiration pneumonia
7
Q
What are the different types of discharges and inflammatory processes of the pulmonary system?
A
- Hemorrhage
- Serous
- Mucoid
- Suppurative
- Fibrinous
- Diphtheritic
- Pseudodiphtheritic
- Granulomatous
- +/- Lymphoplasmacytic
8
Q
What does suppurative rhinitis and sinusitis look like?
A
- Neutrophilic
- normally caused by bacteria
- Cats : pasturella multocida
- Dogs: bordatella bronchispetica
9
Q
What is Strangles?
A
- Horses
- Caused by Streptococcus equi equi
- or streptococcus zooepidemicus
- Has suppurative rhinitis, nasal cavity inflammation, and suppurative lymphadenitis
10
Q
What is the picture of?
A
Fibrinosuppurative rhinitis
11
Q
What is Diphtheritic rhinitis?
A
- “Fibrinonecrotic rhinitis”
- Fibrinous exudate difficult to remove, leaves ulcerated mucosa behind
*
12
Q
What is Pseudodiphtheritic rhinitis?
A
- Fibrinous exudate thaat can be removed leacing an intact underlying mucosa
13
Q
What occurs with chronic granulomatous rhinitis?
A
- Granulomatous infiltrate with bone inflammation (Osteomyelitis) and boney remodeling
14
Q
What is Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis?
A
- Most common form of rhinitis in dogs
- Rarely is cause established - (idiopathic)
- Persistent to intermittent nasal discharge
- May be progressive
15
Q
What is Eosinophilic rhinitis?
A
- Consistent for allergic rhinitis
- Type I Hypersensitivity to environmental antigens
- “Atopic Rhinitis”
16
Q
What is Atrophic rhinitis?
A
- Lysis of bone and cartilage
- Muucosal atrophy
- Loss of nasal turbinates
- Causes:
- Bordatella bronchiseptica
- Pasteurella multocida