Repro Flashcards
common disorders of sexual development
What is Freemartinism?
- Often seen in cattle
- Male and female twines that have shared blood
- Female ends up:
- small ovaries
- hypoplastic vagina, vestibule & vulva
- Seminal vesicles are present
- prominent clitoris (could appear as “small penis”)
What is an ovarian remnant?
- Rarely observed
- may be unilateral or bilateral
- most commonly seen in animals with little or no known history
- Assumption is that the animal was previously spayed
What are the intraovarian cysts
What are the ovary cell types and what are their neoplasias?
- Sex cord & gonadal stroma
- Granulosa-theca cell tumors
- Thecoma or luteoma
- Surface coelomic epithelium
- Papillary and cystic adenomas
- Papillary adenocarcinoma
- Germ cells
- Dysgerminoma
- Teratoma
What are Granulosa-theca cell tumors?
- Most common ovarian neoplasms
- Typically unilateral, usually NOT malignant
- associated with elevated testosterone in horses
- Morphologically very reminiscent of normal granulosa cells
- May be variably cystic & also have variably-sized areas of hemorrhage
What is a teratoma?
- Germ-cell neoplasms
- arise from totipotential cells
- Neoplasms defined as having 2 or more germinal layers
- May include:
- haired skin, cartilage, bone, neural, ocular, adipose, teeth, respiratory tissue, etc
- Can arise within ovaries or testicles
What is a cystic teratoma?
- dermoid cyst
- cystic/multicystic structure lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium
Define salpingitis, pyosalpinx, & oophoritis
- inflammation of the uterine tube
- salpingitis with luminal pus
- inflammation of the ovary (ovaritis
What happens during uterine artery rupture?
- Hemorrhage confined within the broad ligament will resolve over time
- hemorrhage that exits the broad ligament ⇢ hemoabdomen ⇢ exsanguination
What is subinvolution of placental sites?
- Continued bloddy vaginal discharge beyond the time when involution should be complete
- multiple, segmental, circumferential thickening with grey to brown plaques and heorrhage
- may also have concurrent pyometra
What are the bacterial causes of endometritis/metritis?
- Coliform bacteria
- Hemolytic Streptococci spp
- Staphylococci spp
- Klebsiella spp
- Pseudomonas spp
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
What are the bacterial causes of K9/feline pyometra?
- Coliform bacteria (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter)
- Streptococcus spp
- Staphylococcus spp
What are the bacterial causes of bovine pyometra?
- Coliform bacteria (E coli, proteus, enterobacter
- Streptococcus
- Staphylococcus
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Pseudomonas spp
What is a Hippomane?
- semi-firm, liver-like, lamellated structure found in the allantois of cattle and horses.
- Composed of urine precipitates and exfoliated keratin
What are Amniotic plaques?
- Foci of squamous epithelium found on the internal surface of the amnion
- Especially associated with the umbilical attachment
What is pseudopregnancy (pseudocyesis)?
- prolactin-induced placentation site without any developing embryo or placenta
- Need serologic assessment for relaxin to distinguish between pregnant and pseudocyesis
How many mammae do animals have?
Which male animals do NOT have mammae/papillae?
- Stallion - neither
- rats/mice - no papillae
What is gangrenous mastitis?
- necrotizing mastitis that can be caused by many different pathogens
- gram - and +
- Best case scenario is loss of the quarter
- Worst case scenario is severe sepsis, toxemia, and death
What bacteria cause suppurative mastitis?
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Mycoplasma bovis
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae
- Bacteroides spp
- Peptostreptococcus spp
- Fusobacterium spp
What are some causes of granulomatous mastitis?
- nocardia spp
- Cryptococcus spp
- Candida spp.
- Prototheca zopfii
What is fibroadenomatous hyperplasia?
- Lesion most commonly seen in female cats
- typically < 2 yers old
- associated with high progesterone levels
- Comprises well developed glandular tissue separated by large regions of fibroplasia
- Causes:
- luteal phase of estrus
- early pregnancy
- progestin therapy
What are malignant mammary tumors in Dogs?
- Defining malignancy involves the presence of invasion growth, high mitotic activity as well as presence of vascular invasion
- this image had glandular and acinar proliferation with a large tumor embolus in a lymphatic vessel
What is a Mammary Sarcomas?
- Malignant mesenchymal tumors originating form mammary glands are uncommon
- Most common location for extraskeletal osteosarcomas in the dog is the mammary gland
- Bright pink material is Osteoid
- collagen-based hard substance produced by neoplastic osteoblasts
- In the neoplasm this is referred to a tumor osteoid
- Blue areas represent Chondroid matrix which forms cartilage, ossifying to form osteoid and bone.
- Pale pink areas with karyorrhectic debris are regions of necrosis within the neoplasm
What are the zoonotic abortifacient pathogens
What is the pathognomonic lesion or in utero EHV-1 infection?
- itratracheal fibrin clot in aborted fetal foal
schistosomus reflexus
amorphous globosus
Causes of Orchitis and Epidymitis
Wat are interstitial cell tumors
What are Sertoli cell tumors
- Have prominent stromal fibrosis
- Tubules are lined neoplastic sertoli cells
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What are seminomas?
- Histo:
- large round cells that mimic lymphoma
- intraductular and diffuse
- Morphologically pleomorphic, high mitotic rate
What are prostatic cysts
- congenital or acquired
- signs: hematuria, dysuria
What is prostatitis
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia
What is prostatic Carcinoma
what is hypospadias
What is a persistent frenulum
What are the different types of penis inflammation
What is Fibropapilloma on the penis
What is Transmissible venereal tumor?
