General Principles of GI System Flashcards
What is the causes of palatoschisis (hard and soft palate)?
(cleft palate)
- Genetic
- hypervitaminosis A
- Griseofulvin
- toxic plants
What is “brachygnathia”
to short
what is “prognathia”?
too long
what is “agnathia”?
not there
What is wrong with this calf?
superior (maxilla) brachygnathia
What is Dental caries and its pathogenesis to causing sinus empyema (purulent sinusitis)
- Loss of dental matrix
- Demineralization or enzymatic digestion
- Surface or pit caries
- Loss of enamel, dentin
- Tooth infundibular impaction of food material
- continued loss of enamel/dentin
- Instability
- Toot fracture
- Root inflammation and necrosis
- Extension into paranasal sinuses
- empyema
What is going on in the picture? What most likely caused it?
- Enamel hypoplasia
- Canine Distemper Virus (or BVD in ruminants) infects ameloblasts
- enamel hypoplais
What is going on in the picture? how did this happen?
- Maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar teeth malocclusion
- Inappropriate wearing / premature toot attrition
- “Wave mouth”
What is going on in the picture? How would this develop from dental malocclusion?
- Serous atrophy of fat, pericardial and perirenal adipose (not pictured)
- Dental malocclusion
- Inability to prehend and chew food
- Starvation
- mobilization of body fat stores/serous atrophy
What are the different inflammations that can occur in the oral caviy?
- Stomatitis
- glossitis
- gingivitis
- cheilitis
- tonsilitis
- pharyngitis
What is the difference between deep and superficial inflammation?
- Superficial = surface
- caustic, toxic, electric, sunburn, infection
- Deep = deeper connective tissues of the oral cavity
give a morphologic diagnosis and a possible cause
- Cat lip eosinophilic granuloma or ulcerative granulomatous cheilitis
- Unknown path, chronic inflammation probably immune mediated
Diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Lymphocytic gingivitis/stomatitis
- Inappropriate oral care ⇢ periodontal disease
- Canine ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS)
- immune mediated can be severe
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Bovine oral ulcer
- Direct epithelial damage by virus, potentially ischemic damage or trauma
If this lesion was in a pig what virus should be considered?
Seneca Valley Virus (Picornavirus)
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Cat tongue vesicles and ulcers (vesicular/ulcerative glossitis)
- FCV, FHV-1, uremia, immune-mediated/pemphigus, trauma ⇢ direct epithelial necrosis, possibly ischemic damage
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Cat tongue vesicles and ulcers (vesicular/ulcerative glossitis)
- FCV, FHV-1, uremia, immune-mediated/pemphigus, trauma ⇢ direct epithelial necrosis, possibly ischemic damage
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- bovine oral ulcer (ulcerative stomatitis)
- BVDV, IBR, MCF, vesicular dzs, caustic substances ⇢ direct epithelial necrosis, possibly ischemic damage
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Bovine oral cavity, proliferative/papular stomatitis (oral mucosa) and cheilitis (lips)
- Bovine papular stomatitis virus (parapox)
- Direct infection of oral epithelium
- Proliferation of epithelium a
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Lip proliferative cheilitis
- Sheep parapox virus
- Infection of epithelium
- Proliferation, necrosis (contagious ecthyma)
*******ZOONOTIC*******
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Bovine pyogranulomatous / necrotizing glossitis
- Actinobacillus lignieresi infection via trauma damage or wound oral epithelium
- Invades dep structures (connective tissue and muscle) “Wooden Tongue”
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Pyogranulomatous ad necrotizing osteomyelitis
1. Actinomyces bovis - similar to A. ligniersi but also involves bone “Lumpy Jaw”
Morphologic diagnosis and possible pathogenesis?
- Bovine fibrinous and necrotizing laryngitis (calf diphtheria)
- physical or viral -induced damage or trauma to surface epithelium and cartilages
- Fusobacterium necrophorum invades from the oral cavity
what is ptyalism
- over production of saliva
- Causes:
- ingestion of caustic substances,
- OP
- foreign bodies
- rabies
what is a salivary ranula, mucocele/sialocele?
accumulation of saliva in a dilated duct or soft tissues of the mouth
What is this mass?
- Gingival or fibrous hyperplasia
- Common Dogs>cats
- Non-neoplastic
What is this mass?
- Peripheral odontogenic fibroma
- Stromal neoplasm of periodontal ligament of origin
- Can have bone, dentin
- Benign
- can be difficult to completely excise
What is this mass?
- acanthomatous ameloblasta
- Odontogenic epithelium (ameloblasts)
- Locally invasive into bone, do not metastasize
What is this mass?
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- # 1 in cats
- # 2 in dogs
- Tongue>gingiva>tonsils,
- locally invasive into soft tissue and bone
- metastasize late to node or lungs
What is this mass?
- oral (malignant) melanoma
- # 1 in dogs
- can be pigmented or amelanotic
- most are malignant with local invasion and distant metastasis
What is this mass?
- Oral papillomas
- Canine oral papillomavirus
- Often spontaneously regress
Morphilogical Dx? Pathogenesis?
- Canine mf distal esophageal ulcer
- chronic gastric reflux ⇢ direct damage to epithelium
- Viral infection
- Caustic substance
- Ischemic damage/vasculitis/thrombosis
Morphilogical Dx? Pathogenesis?
- Canine megaesophagus
- Can be congenital ⇢ physical obstruction
- Can be acquired ⇢ failure of nerve or muscle of the esophagus
- Due to myasthenia gavis, SLE, polyneuritis/myositis
Morphilogical Dx? Pathogenesis?
- Bovine esophageal obstruction (choke)
- foreign body obstruction ⇢inability to eructate gas/free gas bloat
- Or local ischemia, inflammation, perforation
- wound healing
- fibrosis/stricture
Morphilogical Dx? Pathogenesis?
- Canine granulomatous esophagitis
- Spirocerca lupi infection
- Inflammation
- esophageal sarcoma