Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Summaries the Dermal reaction patterns

A
  • Dermal fibrosis: increased collagenous connective tissue
  • Fibrosis
    • desmoplasia/scirrhous response when induced by neoplasia (carcinomas, typically)
    • Fibroplasia: normal healing response
  • Dermal atrophy: thinning of the dermal layer
    • hyperadrenocorticism, topical steroids, chronic ischemia, advanced age, starvation
  • Dermal edema: perivascular or interstitial, can contribute to epidermal edema
  • Dermal deposits: can presents as papules, nodules or plaques
    • Amyloid - plasmacytomas in dogs, hyperglobinemia, idiopathic
    • Calcium:
      • Calcinosis circumscripta: tumor-like growth composed of discrete calcium deposits surrounded by granulomatous inflammation; surgical removal curative
      • Calcinosis cutis: dermal calcium deposits associated the Cushings
    • Lipid:
      • Xanthomas - lipid deposits in the dermis that induce granulomatous inflammation; abnormal circulating lipids
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2
Q

What is Ichthyosis?

A
  • Heterogenous group of inherited, usually congenital alteration in epidermal cornification (stratum corneum) multiple species affected
  • severe orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis
  • Can be fatal (harlequin calf)
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3
Q

What is Hereditary Zinc Deficiency?

A
  • Abnormalities in zinc absorption and metabolism
  • Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
  • Associated w/ thymic hypoplasia and diarrhea
  • Autosomal recessive
  • Lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers: non-responsive to oral Zn supplementation
  • Cattle- respond to oral Zn supplementation
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4
Q

What is Epidermolysis bullosa

A
  • Heterogenous group of diseases
  • Cutaneous blister formation in response to minor mechanical trauma
  • Poor dermal/epidermal cohesion
  • Reported in horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats,
  • Genetic mutation in structural proteins
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5
Q

What is Aplasia cutis congenital (epitheliogenesis imperfecta)

A
  • Distinct disease of swine
  • Defect typically in caudal half of body
  • Some piglets have hydroureter and hydronephrosis
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6
Q

What is Congenital hypotrichosis?

A
  • Partial or complete hair loss
  • May be assocciated with other congenital abnormalities (brachygnathism, dental defects, thymic or genital abnormalities)
  • Predisposes animals to sunburn, adverse reaction to extreme temperatures, bacterial/fungal infections
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7
Q

What are the 2 types of Hypotrichosis associated with pigmentary alteration?

A
  • Black hair follicular dysplasia
    • bi- or tri- colored black & white dogs
    • hair loss confined to pigmented areas
    • onset: weeks to months old
    • Rare hereditary disease
  • Color-dilution alopecia
    • Slow progressive development
    • Onset 4 m to 3 y
    • Most common in blue doberman
    • relatively uncommon
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8
Q

What is canine dermatomyositis?

A
  • idiopathic inflammatory condition of skin, muscle, and occasionally blood vessels
  • skin lesions usually develop in juvenile dogs at 7 weeks to 6 months
  • Variability severity ad presentation with waxing/waning clinical signs
  • Early skin lesions: pustules, vesicles, papules, nodules
  • Skin lesions evolve into erythematous, crusty, ulcerated areas of alopecia w/ pigmentation abnormalities
  • Histologic changes are variables subtle, and or non-specific
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9
Q

What are the 2 categories of hereditary hypopigmentation?

A
  • Melanocytopenic hypomelanosis (absences of melanocytes)
  • Melanopenic hypomelanosis (melanocytes present but defective
    • Chediak-Higashi syndrome, cyclic hematopoiesis
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10
Q

What is primary seborrhea

A
  • Suspected inherited skin disease
  • increased epithelial turnover without release of keratin
  • Excessive scaling, crust, greasy coat
  • Predisposed to skin infections (bacterial/fungi)
  • Rule out other causes of seborrhea (acquired)
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11
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Primary or idiopathic form occurs predominately in young dachshunds
  • Bilaterally symmetric, axillary hyperpigmentation (subtle at first)
  • Progresses to lichenification and alopecia
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12
Q

What is collagen dysplasia

A
  • group of inherited diseases; abnormal dermal collagen
  • Enzyme defects of collagen synthesis
  • Synonyms: Ehlers Danlos syndrome, cutaneous asthenia, dermatosparaxis
  • Many species affected (including humans)
  • Very loss, fragile skin
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13
Q

What is Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA)?

A
  • hyperelastosis cutis
  • recessive inheritance
  • very loose elastic skin
    • non-healing wounds
    • scarring
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