Respiratory L18 Flashcards
What are the 2 things that are essential for the efficient exchange of gases in the lungs?
-surface area over which exchange takes place must be large
-diffusion distance between air and blood must be small
what is the internal surface area of the lungs?
~100 m^2
what is the difference between respiration and ventilation?
ventilation is mechanical and involved the movement of air
respiration is physiologic and involves the exchange of gases in the alveoli and in the cells( oxygen and CO2)
external respiration
process in the lungs by which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into blood within the pulmonary capillaries, and CO2 is excreted
internal (tissue) respiration
the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid and cells which surround them.
Cellular respiration
process within individual cells through which they gain energy by breaking down molecules such as glucose. it occurs in mitochondria, consumes oxygen and generated CO2.
Pulmonary ventilation
the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs . The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles, and the diaphragm.
What is the conducting part/ zone of the respiratory system?
series of cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it.
What are the conductive airways?
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
What is the respiratory part/zone of the respiratory system?
comprises the tiny, thin-walled airways, where gases are exchanged between air and blood.
What are the airways of the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli themselves.
What does the air needs to be before it enters the lungs?
-need the air to be warm at 37
-need the air to be humidified to 100%
-need the air to be clean
what is the position of trachea relative to the oesophagus?
anterior
what is the first mechanism for filtering the air?
nastral hair. Vibrissae
What is mucous membrane?
-ciliated epithelium
-goblet(mucus) cells
what is located underneath the mucus membrane?
-mucus glands
-blood vessels A LOT
what is the second filtration?
mucus membrane helps capture the particles. Cilia move mucus away
How is the air heated?
heat is transferred into the air from the rich blood supply
Where is the air slowed down?
in the bone part of the nose- conchae. Creates turbulence.
Conchae increases the Surface Area and slows it down
What is the function of conchae?
slow air down, mucus layer filters particles and clears, and warm the air
What are the types of conchae?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
what is the temperature of the air by the time it gets to the throat?
~34
What is the function of sinuses?
-creates resonance and tone in the voice
-lined with mucus membrane- overproduction of mucus during chronic sinusitis
3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx( mucus membrane)
Oropharynx( squamous epithelium)
Laryngopharynx(squamous)
