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Medsci 142 > Respiratory L18 > Flashcards

Respiratory L18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 things that are essential for the efficient exchange of gases in the lungs?

A

-surface area over which exchange takes place must be large
-diffusion distance between air and blood must be small

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2
Q

what is the internal surface area of the lungs?

A

~100 m^2

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3
Q

what is the difference between respiration and ventilation?

A

ventilation is mechanical and involved the movement of air
respiration is physiologic and involves the exchange of gases in the alveoli and in the cells( oxygen and CO2)

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4
Q

external respiration

A

process in the lungs by which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into blood within the pulmonary capillaries, and CO2 is excreted

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5
Q

internal (tissue) respiration

A

the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid and cells which surround them.

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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

process within individual cells through which they gain energy by breaking down molecules such as glucose. it occurs in mitochondria, consumes oxygen and generated CO2.

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7
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs . The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles, and the diaphragm.

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8
Q

What is the conducting part/ zone of the respiratory system?

A

series of cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it.

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9
Q

What are the conductive airways?

A

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

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10
Q

What is the respiratory part/zone of the respiratory system?

A

comprises the tiny, thin-walled airways, where gases are exchanged between air and blood.

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11
Q

What are the airways of the respiratory zone?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli themselves.

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12
Q

What does the air needs to be before it enters the lungs?

A

-need the air to be warm at 37
-need the air to be humidified to 100%
-need the air to be clean

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13
Q

what is the position of trachea relative to the oesophagus?

A

anterior

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14
Q

what is the first mechanism for filtering the air?

A

nastral hair. Vibrissae

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15
Q

What is mucous membrane?

A

-ciliated epithelium
-goblet(mucus) cells

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16
Q

what is located underneath the mucus membrane?

A

-mucus glands
-blood vessels A LOT

17
Q

what is the second filtration?

A

mucus membrane helps capture the particles. Cilia move mucus away

18
Q

How is the air heated?

A

heat is transferred into the air from the rich blood supply

19
Q

Where is the air slowed down?

A

in the bone part of the nose- conchae. Creates turbulence.
Conchae increases the Surface Area and slows it down

20
Q

What is the function of conchae?

A

slow air down, mucus layer filters particles and clears, and warm the air

21
Q

What are the types of conchae?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

22
Q

what is the temperature of the air by the time it gets to the throat?

A

~34

23
Q

What is the function of sinuses?

A

-creates resonance and tone in the voice
-lined with mucus membrane- overproduction of mucus during chronic sinusitis

24
Q

3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx( mucus membrane)
Oropharynx( squamous epithelium)
Laryngopharynx(squamous)

25
Q

how does the nasopharynx connect to the nasal cavity?

A

anteriorly

26
Q

how does the oropharynx connect to the oral cavity?

A

anteriorly

27
Q

Epiglottis

A

-Prevents food from going into the trachea
-has a lot of elastic fibers
-Passive

28
Q

how many times would the respiratory tree have branched by the time it gets to the gas exchange

A

28

29
Q

Pattern pf branching of the airways

A
30
Q

how many lobes are there of the right side?

A

3

31
Q

how manty lobes on the left side?

A

2

32
Q

How many segmental bronchi are there on the right side?

A

10

33
Q

How many segmental bronchi are there on the left side?

A

8

34
Q

Size of bronchioles

A

< 1mm in diameter

35
Q

What is the last structure that does NOT undergo gas exchange?

A

terminal bronchioles

36
Q

what is the importance of the trachea?

A

need to make sure it does not collapse

37
Q

What keeps the trachea open?

A

supported by incomplete C-shaped rings of cartilage. Free ends of cartilage are connected by the trachialis muscle(smooth), contraction of which narrows the diameter of trachea

38
Q

Trachea structure

A

-12 cm long
-lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
-

39
Q

how does cigarette smoke affect cilia in the airways?

A

Toxicants in tobacco smoke paralyze the cilia and eventually destroy them

less mucus clearance

Medsci 142 (32 decks)

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