L5: Autonomic and endocrine systems Flashcards
Sensory input in Autonomic system
Mainly interoceptors
Sensory input in Somatic system
special senses and somatic senses
Control of output in Autonomic system
Involuntary from limbic system, brain stem, and spinal cord
Control of output in Somatic system
Voluntary from cerebral cortex
Which motor-neuron pathway is in Autonomic system?
2 neuron
Which motor neuron pathway is in Somatic system?
One neuron
What neurons use Acetylcholine?
Preganglionic axons
Postganglionic parasympathetic
Postganglionic sympathetic to sweat glands
What neurons use Norepinephrine?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibres other than to sweat glands
What neurotransmitter is used by the Somatic system?
Acetylcholine
Effectors of Autonomic system
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Is constriction of blood vessels a sympathetic or parasympathetic response?
sympathetic
Is increased blood sugar a sympathetic or parasympathetic response?
sympathetic
Is constriction of bronchi a sympathetic or parasympathetic response?
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic-innervation to most effector tissues: pathway
Sympathetic division-innervation to most sweat glands
Parasympathetic division pathway
Hypothalamus function
- controls internal organs via autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland
- regulates behavioural patterns, circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle
- Controls body temperature
- Regulates eating and drinking behaviour
Endocrine hormone release
hormone goes into blood to affect distant cells
Paracrine hormone
Hormone is released to affect nearby cells
Autocrine hormone
Local
The hormones affect the cell that produces them
Mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones
- Hormones released directly into the blood stream, encapsulated by transporter protein
- In tissues: released from transporter protein
- Diffuses across the cell membrane
- Bind to receptor on the nucleus
- Expression of genes is altered in response to the hormone
- New messages/proteins. Cell structure and behavior changes
Mechanism of action of Water-soluble hormones
- do not need a carrier
- diffuse toward tissues
- Cell needs a specific receptor for hormones to go through ( GPCR)
- Hormone binds to GPCR-> activates g protein->adenyl cyclase is activated->ATP is converted to cAMP->phosphorylation cascade-> physiological response
