LAB 5: RESPIRATORY Flashcards
What are the effects of COPD in the lung?
-increased resistance( due to inflammation of the airways)
-increased compliance due to elastic tissue destruction
-decreased FEV1( harder to expire)
-decreased surface area for gas exchange
what is the effect of obstructive diseases on the FEV1/FVC ratio?
decreased FEV1-> decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
FEV 1 is a direct indication of(choose one):
-the strength of the external intercostal muscles
-the degree of airway resistance
-the maximum air velocity
-the total lung capacity
-the vital capacity
the degree of airway resistance
what combination of factors would increase the peak expiratory flow rate the most?
-increased internal intercostal muscle strength, increased airway resistance
-decreased airway resistance, decreased compliance
-decreased airway resistance, increased external intercostal muscle strength
-decreased airway resistance, increased dead-space
-decreased dead-space, increased compliances
decreased airway resistance, decreased compliance
Asthma is an airway disease causing a narrowing of the bronchioles but can be relieved by:
(choose one)
-a blocker (antagonist) of beta-adrenoceptors
-a blocker (antagonist) of alpha-adrenoreceptors
-a parasympathetic mimetic to stimulate muscarinic receptors
-a sympathetic mimetic to stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors
-a sympathetic mimetic to stimulate beta-adrenoceptors
a sympathetic mimetic to stimulate beta-adrenoceptors
All of the following statements that compare human ventilation to the lung model are correct. EXCEPT:
-At rest, the human intrapleural pressure is slightly negative compared to the lung model
-the volumes of the intrapleural cavities are different
-the structures used to generate maximal inspiration are not represented in the lung model
-The elastic properties of the lungs are the same
-A structure that contributes to dead space in humans is also represented in the lung model
The elastic properties of the lungs are the same
what is Boyle’s law?
The pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container. This means that if the size of a
closed container is increased, the pressure of the gas inside the container decreases, and that if the size of the container is decreased, then
the pressure inside it increases
what is the 1st step of expanding the lungs in quiet breathing?
The first step in expanding the lungs during normal quiet
inhalation involves contraction of the main muscle of inhalation, the
diaphragm, with resistance from external intercostals
what can prevent the full descend of the diaphragm?
Advanced pregnancy, excessive obesity, or confining abdominal clothing
what is intrapleural pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure?
Just before inhalation, it is about 4 mmHg less than the
atmospheric pressure
what are the 3 factors apart from pressure difference that affect the rate of airflow and the ease of pulmonary ventilation?
surface tension of
the alveolar fluid
compliance of the lungs
and airway resistance.
What factors define compliance in the lungs?
elasticity and surface tension.
what pulmonary conditions could decrease lung compliance?
pulmonary conditions that (1) scar lung tissue (for example, tuberculosis), (2) cause lung tissue to
become filled with fluid (pulmonary edema), (3) produce a deficiency in surfactant, or (4) impede lung expansion in any way
(for example, paralysis of the intercostal muscles)
