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Medsci 142 > Renal Anatomy > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 protective layers of the kidney?

A

Renal Capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia

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2
Q

What are the protective layers of the kidney made of?

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the function of the renal capsule?

A

Physical barrier, Maintains the shape of the kidney

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4
Q

What is the function of the adipose capsule?

A

Padding, physical protection
Maintains the position of the kidneys

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5
Q

What is the function of the renal fascia?

A

Anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures

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6
Q

how many nephrons are there in 1 kidney?

A

~1 million

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7
Q

how are nephrons organized in the kidney?

A

tightly packed in an organized way like a bouquet of flowers?
Multiple nephrons drain into the collecting duct

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8
Q

what is the top of the medullary pyramid called?

A

papilla or papillary region

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9
Q

what is the order of filtrate drainage?

A

nephron-> collecting duct-> Papillary duct-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter

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10
Q

how many lobes are there in each kidney?

A

8-12 lobes

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11
Q

what is this region called?

A

interlobar

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12
Q

what is this region called?

A

minor calyx

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13
Q

what is the name of the nephron that goes deeper into the medullary region?

A

juxtra-medullary nephron

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14
Q

what is the function of juxtra-medullary nephron

A

make concentrated urine

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15
Q

name this vessel

A

Ascending vasa recta

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16
Q

what is this vessel

A

interlobular vein

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17
Q

name the vessel

A

Vasa Recta(descending)
-feeds the nephron cells

18
Q

name the vessel

A

Peritubular capillaries( of the medulla)
arterial blood-> venous blood

19
Q

name the vessel

A

Interlobular artery

20
Q

name the vessel

A

peritubular capillaries( of the cortex)

21
Q

what happens in the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?

A

gas exchange
arterial blood-> venous blood

22
Q

name the vessel

A

efferent arteriole
-can either go into cortex & feed the tubular cells in the cortex
- or go deeper into medulla

23
Q

name the vessel

A

thick ascending loop of Henle

24
Q

name the vessel

A

thick descending loop of Henle

25
Q

name the vessel

A

thin descending loop of Henle

26
Q

name the vessel

A

thin ascending loop of Henle

27
Q

name the vessel

A

distal convoluted tubule

28
Q

what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

A

monitors & provides feedback to influence the start of the process
The cells in the distal convoluted tubule are responsible for sensing how well the nephrons are performing. Can signal back to the cells of afferent arterioles to vasoconstrict to slow down the rate of blood flow through the glomerular capillaries or to vasodilate to speed up the rate of blood flow.

29
Q

what forms the filtration barrier?

A

-the interaction between the podocytes & the underlying glomerular capillaries that enables filtration to take place.

30
Q

what forms the visceral epithelium in the renal corpuscle?

A

podocytes

31
Q

name the vessel

A

afferent arteriole

32
Q

name the vessel

A

distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

Name the vessel

A

proximal convoluted tubule

34
Q

what is another name for distal convoluted tubule?

A

thick ascending loop of Henle

35
Q

what is the filtration membrane made of?

A
  1. Fenestrated endothelium
  2. Basal lamina of glomerulus
  3. Slit membrane between pedicles
36
Q

what does fenestrated endothelium filter?

A

prevents filtration of RBC, but allows all components of blood plasma to pass through

37
Q

what does basal lamina filter?

A

prevents filtration of large proteins

38
Q

What does the slit membrane filter?

A

prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins

39
Q

what secretes basal lamina?

A

podocytes and endothelial cells

40
Q

how to tell if there is excess protein in urine?

A

shake the urine-> if frothy then more protein than should be

41
Q

what happens to the proteins trapped in the filtration membrane?

A

can go back to circulation or be recycled

Medsci 142 (32 decks)

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