Renal Anatomy Flashcards
what are the 3 protective layers of the kidney?
Renal Capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia
What are the protective layers of the kidney made of?
Connective tissue
What is the function of the renal capsule?
Physical barrier, Maintains the shape of the kidney
What is the function of the adipose capsule?
Padding, physical protection
Maintains the position of the kidneys
What is the function of the renal fascia?
Anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures
how many nephrons are there in 1 kidney?
~1 million
how are nephrons organized in the kidney?
tightly packed in an organized way like a bouquet of flowers?
Multiple nephrons drain into the collecting duct
what is the top of the medullary pyramid called?
papilla or papillary region
what is the order of filtrate drainage?
nephron-> collecting duct-> Papillary duct-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter
how many lobes are there in each kidney?
8-12 lobes
what is this region called?
interlobar
what is this region called?
minor calyx
what is the name of the nephron that goes deeper into the medullary region?
juxtra-medullary nephron
what is the function of juxtra-medullary nephron
make concentrated urine
name this vessel
Ascending vasa recta
what is this vessel
interlobular vein
name the vessel
Vasa Recta(descending)
-feeds the nephron cells
name the vessel
Peritubular capillaries( of the medulla)
arterial blood-> venous blood
name the vessel
Interlobular artery
name the vessel
peritubular capillaries( of the cortex)
what happens in the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?
gas exchange
arterial blood-> venous blood
name the vessel
efferent arteriole
-can either go into cortex & feed the tubular cells in the cortex
- or go deeper into medulla
name the vessel
thick ascending loop of Henle
name the vessel
thick descending loop of Henle
name the vessel
thin descending loop of Henle
name the vessel
thin ascending loop of Henle
name the vessel
distal convoluted tubule
what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
monitors & provides feedback to influence the start of the process
The cells in the distal convoluted tubule are responsible for sensing how well the nephrons are performing. Can signal back to the cells of afferent arterioles to vasoconstrict to slow down the rate of blood flow through the glomerular capillaries or to vasodilate to speed up the rate of blood flow.
what forms the filtration barrier?
-the interaction between the podocytes & the underlying glomerular capillaries that enables filtration to take place.
what forms the visceral epithelium in the renal corpuscle?
podocytes
name the vessel
afferent arteriole
name the vessel
distal convoluted tubule
Name the vessel
proximal convoluted tubule
what is another name for distal convoluted tubule?
thick ascending loop of Henle
what is the filtration membrane made of?
- Fenestrated endothelium
- Basal lamina of glomerulus
- Slit membrane between pedicles
what does fenestrated endothelium filter?
prevents filtration of RBC, but allows all components of blood plasma to pass through
what does basal lamina filter?
prevents filtration of large proteins
What does the slit membrane filter?
prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins
what secretes basal lamina?
podocytes and endothelial cells
how to tell if there is excess protein in urine?
shake the urine-> if frothy then more protein than should be
what happens to the proteins trapped in the filtration membrane?
can go back to circulation or be recycled
