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Respiratory Issues/Oxygen Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prep for pt getting nebulized aerosol therapy?

A

vitals and o2 sat

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2
Q

Why would someone need nebulized aerosol therapy?

A

resp issues that require bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics, or antibiotics

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3
Q

What are some contraindications for chest physiotherapy?

A

PE, decreased cardiac reserves, increased intracranial pressure

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4
Q

What are nursing interventions to perform prior to the patient receiving chest physiotherapy?

A

schedule before meals or 1 hour after meals
administer bronchodilator

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5
Q

What is the proper positioning for drainage of apical sections of the upper lobes?

A

fowler’s

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6
Q

What is the proper positioning for drainage of posterior sections of upper lobes?

A

sitting with child leaning forward over pillows

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7
Q

What is the proper positioning for drainage of anterior segments of both upper lobes?

A

supine and rotated slightly away from side being drained

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8
Q

What is the proper positioning for drainage of superior segments of both lower lobes?

A

prone with hips elevated on pillows

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9
Q

What are early manifestations of hypoxemia?

A

tachypnea
tachycardia
restlessness
pallor of skin

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10
Q

what are late manifestations of hypoxemia?

A

confusion and stupor
cyanosis
bradypnea
bradycardia
hypotension or hypertension

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11
Q

what is the minimum flow rate for a oxygen hood?

A

4-5 L/min

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12
Q

What are the manifestations of oxygen toxicity?

A

nonproductive cough
N&V
stuffiness
substernal pain
headache
hypoventilation

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13
Q

Hypoventilation and increased PaCO2 levels allow for…

A

rapid progression into unconscious state

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14
Q

Purpose of tonsils

A

lymph tissue that filter pathogens
protect G.I and resp tracts
antibody formation

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15
Q

which tonsils are the ones removed during a tonsilectomy?

A

palatine tonsils

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16
Q

what are risk factors of tonsillitis?

A

exposure to viral or bacterial agent

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17
Q

what are physical findings of someone with tonsillitis?

A

mouth odor
mouth breathing
snoring
nasality in voice
fever
difficult swallowing or eating

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18
Q

what instructions do you give to patients after a tonsillectomy?

A

discourage coughing, throat clearing, nose blowing to protect surgical site
avoid straws
alert that they could have blood tinged mucus in vomit

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19
Q

what are the signs of bleeding after a tonsillectomy?

A

tachycardia
repeated swallowing and clearing of throat

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20
Q

why are infants 3-6 months at a higher risk for respiratory infections?

A

decrease of maternal antibodies

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21
Q

what are the manifestations of nasopharyngitis?

A

nasal inflammation
dryness
irritation of the nasal passages
fever
restlessness

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22
Q

Acute streptococcal pharyngitis and what causes it?

A

infection of the upper airway caused by GABHS

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23
Q

Expected findings for acute streptococcal pharyngitis

A

abrupt onset
headache, fever, abdominal pain
tonsils and pharynx can be inflamed and covered with exudate

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24
Q

Bronchiolitis and what causes it?

A

caused by RSV and affects the bronchi and bronchioles

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25
Initial s/s of bronchiolitis
runny nose, intermittent fever, pharyngitis, coughing, sneezing, wheezing,
26
progressed s/s of bronchiolitis
increased coughing and sneezing, fever, tachypnea, retractions, copious secretions
27
severe s/s of bronchiolitis
tachypnea greater than 70 breaths per min low energy apneic spells poor air exchange
28
Expected findings for bacterial pneumonia
high fever cough with white sputum retractions chest pain
29
Pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural space
30
Manifestations of a pneumothorax
dyspnea chest pain labored breathing decreased oxygen sat tachycardia
31
Pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
32
manifestations of pleural effusion
dyspnea chest pain tachycardia
33
Expected findings of bacterial epiglottitis
no cough tripod position dysphonia dysphagia noisy breathing
34
What kind of precaution is bacterial epiglottitis?
Droplet
35
Expected findings for acute laryngotracheobronchitis
low grade fever restlessness hoarseness barky cough dyspnea retractions
36
Expected findings for acute spasmodic laryngitis
barky cough restlessness hoarseness nighttime laryngeal obstruction
37
Amantadine
For type A influenza must be administered within 24-48 hrs of onset shortens length of illness
38
Rimantadine
For type A influenza treats symptoms give orally 2x a day for 7 days
39
Zanamivir
for type A and B influenza inhaled 2x a day start within 48 hours of symptoms for children older than 7
40
Oseltamivir
for type A and B decreases symptoms give orally for 5 days start within 48 hours
41
What are some risk factors to asthma?
family hx exposure to tobacco low birth weight being overweight
42
What are some triggers to asthma?
allergens smoke, odors, sprays exercise cold air infections strong emotions
43
What are some physical assessment findings of asthma?
dyspnea cough wheezing mucus production sweating retractions accessory muscles
44
Short Acting beta agonists (SABA) use and examples
used for acute exacerbations prevention of exercised-induced ex: albuterol, levalbuterol, terbutaline
45
Long Acting beta agonists (LABA) use and name the meds
used to prevent exacerbations at night cannot be used to treat acute exacerbations ex: salmeterol, formoterol
46
Cholinergic antagonists use and name the meds
provide relief of acute bronchospasms ex: ipratropium, atropine
47
What do corticosteroids do? What are some examples of corticosteroids?
decrease airway inflammation prednisone, fluticasone, methylprednisolone
48
What do leukotriene modifiers do?
decrease in airway resistance
49
What do you educate patients about asthma?
avoid triggers how to administer medications use a peak flow meter
50
What is the purpose of a peak flow meter?
to measure amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second
51
what is the percentage of the green zone of peak flow rates and what does it indicate?
80-100% asthma is in good control
52
what is the percentage of the yellow zone of peak flow rates and what does it indicate?
50-79% warns of an acute attack, use maintenance meds
53
what is the percentage of the red zone of peak flow rates and what does it indicate?
less than 50% emergent action needed, use a SABA
54
what is status asthmaticus?
a life threatening episode of of airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatment
55
what are the manifestations of status asthmaticus?
labored breathing, accessory muscle use, tachypnea, distended neck veins
56
what are the nursing actions of status asthmaticus?
administer 3 nebulizer treatments 20-30 min apart prepare for intubation monitor o2 stats continuously
57
What is cystic fibrosis?
an inherited resp disorder where mucus glands secrete an increase of thick mucus
58
What are the early manifestations of cystic fibrosis?
stasis of mucus wheezing, rhonchi dry cough voracious appetite
59
what are some gastrointestinal findings of cystic fibrosis?
steatorrhea reflux failure to gain weight
60
How does the sweat chloride test confirm cystic fibrosis?
if chloride is greater than 40 and sodium greater than 90
61
what is included in gastrointestinal management for cystic fibrosis?
give three meals a day with snacks administer fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K provide meals high in protein and calories

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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