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Pediatrics > G.I. > Flashcards

G.I. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of bacteria in the colon?

A

synthesizes vitamin k, B12, and some of the vitamin B12 complex

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2
Q

Cues of GI diseases

A

malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, malnutrition, poor growth

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3
Q

What are the parameters for acute diarrhea?

A

short period of sudden increase and change in consistency of stools

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4
Q

What are the parameters of chronic diarrhea?

A

increase and change in consistency of stools for more than 14 days

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5
Q

Consequences of fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A

dehydration and metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

Encopresis

A

constipation with fecal soiling

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7
Q

What are the manifestations of rotavirus and how is it transmitted?

A

fever, vomiting, diarrhea,
Fecal-oral

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8
Q

What are the manifestations of yersinia entercolitis and how is it transmitted?

A

bloody diarrhea
fever, abdominal pain, vomiting,
pets and food

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9
Q

What are the manifestations of E.coli?

A

watery diarrhea
cramping and bloody diarrhea

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10
Q

manifestations of salmonella?

A

mild to severe nausea and vomiting
abdominal cramps
fever
can lead to septicemia or meningitis

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11
Q

how is botulism acquired?

A

contaminated food products

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12
Q

how is shigellosis acquired?

A

contaminated food or water

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13
Q

what is Isotonic dehydration?

A

water and sodium are lost in nearly equal amounts
blood sodium is normal

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14
Q

What is hypotonic dehydration?

A

electrolyte loss is greater than water loss
shock is likely
blood sodium is less than130

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15
Q

what is hypertonic dehydration?

A

water loss greater than electrolyte loss
blood sodium is greater than 150

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16
Q

what are the s/s of moderate dehydration?

A

pulse slightly increased
dry mucous membranes

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17
Q

what are the s/s of severe dehydration?

A

oliguria or anuria
tachycardia
tented skin
very dry mucous membranes
orthostatic bp

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18
Q

what is the tape test?

A

tape is placed over child’s anus to test for pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)

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19
Q

The first meconium should be passed within…?

A

24-36 hours of life

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20
Q

Hirschsprung Disease

A

birth defect; missing ganglion cells in the colon
causing decreased bowl motility

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21
Q

s/s of Hirschsprung disease of newborn

A

failure to pass meconium for 24-48 hours
vomiting bile
refusal to eat
abdominal distention

22
Q

What is retching?

A

spasmodic movements during inspiration

23
Q

what is pica associated with?

A

iron and zinc deficiency

24
Q

s/s of pica

A

excessive drooling
vomiting
gagging

25
Q

manifestations of GERD

A

poor weight gain
regurgitation
excessive crying

26
Q

s/s of IBS

A

flatulence
constipation
feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowl

27
Q

management of IBS

A

increasing fiber and loperamide

28
Q

acute appendicitis

A

obstruction of lumen of appendix, causing blocked secretions and pressure building

29
Q

s/s of acute appendicitis

A

referred pain
fever
vomiting
tachycardia
McBurney’s point

30
Q

management/treatment for UC

A

5-ASAs

31
Q

what is a paralytic ileus?

A

constricted or impaired motility

32
Q

cues of paralytic ileus?

A

abdominal pain
N&V
distention
constipation

33
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

thickening of the pyloric sphincter causing constriction

34
Q

manifestations of pyloric stenosis

A

nonbilious projectile vomiting/excessive

35
Q

management of HPS

A

vital signs
electrolyte imbalance
PRONE TO METABOLIC ALKALOSIS due to loss of hydrogen ions plus sodium, potassium and chloride

36
Q

intussusception

A

part of intestine folds into section next to it called telescoping

37
Q

s/s of intussusception

A

sausage shape mass in RUQ
lethargy
currrant jelly stools (stools with blood and mucus)

38
Q

4 characteristics of celiac diease

A

steatorrhea
general malnutrition
abdominal distention
secondary vitamin deficiencies

39
Q

manifestations of celiac

A

fatty stools
anemia
anorexia
malnutrition

40
Q

management of celiac

A

eliminate gluten which are in wheat, rye, barley, and oats

41
Q

what is hematochezia?

A

rectal bleeding

42
Q

how is hep A transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

43
Q

how is hep B transmitted?

A

perinatally

44
Q

Biliary atresia

A

obstruction of bile ducts

45
Q

s/s of biliary atresia

A

prolonged jaundice

46
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

esophagus fails to develop as a continues passage to stomach

47
Q

s/s of TEF

A

frothy saliva
drooling
coughing

48
Q

what is a s/s that would indicate TEF

A

excessive saliva, apnea, cyanosis

49
Q

Gastroschisis

A

bowl herniates thru defect in abdomen wall right of umbilical cord

50
Q

management of gastroschisis

A

cover with moist dressing
assessment
thermal regulation

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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