G.I.

Question 1

What is the role of bacteria in the colon?

Answer 1

synthesizes vitamin k, B12, and some of the vitamin B12 complex

Question 2

Cues of GI diseases

Answer 2

malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, malnutrition, poor growth

Question 3

What are the parameters for acute diarrhea?

Answer 3

short period of sudden increase and change in consistency of stools

Question 4

What are the parameters of chronic diarrhea?

Answer 4

increase and change in consistency of stools for more than 14 days

Question 5

Consequences of fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Answer 5

dehydration and metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Encopresis

Answer 6

constipation with fecal soiling

Question 7

What are the manifestations of rotavirus and how is it transmitted?

Answer 7

fever, vomiting, diarrhea,
Fecal-oral

Question 8

What are the manifestations of yersinia entercolitis and how is it transmitted?

Answer 8

bloody diarrhea
fever, abdominal pain, vomiting,
pets and food

Question 9

What are the manifestations of E.coli?

Answer 9

watery diarrhea
cramping and bloody diarrhea

Question 10

manifestations of salmonella?

Answer 10

mild to severe nausea and vomiting
abdominal cramps
fever
can lead to septicemia or meningitis

Question 11

how is botulism acquired?

Answer 11

contaminated food products

Question 12

how is shigellosis acquired?

Answer 12

contaminated food or water

Question 13

what is Isotonic dehydration?

Answer 13

water and sodium are lost in nearly equal amounts
blood sodium is normal

Question 14

What is hypotonic dehydration?

Answer 14

electrolyte loss is greater than water loss
shock is likely
blood sodium is less than130

Question 15

what is hypertonic dehydration?

Answer 15

water loss greater than electrolyte loss
blood sodium is greater than 150

Question 16

what are the s/s of moderate dehydration?

Answer 16

pulse slightly increased
dry mucous membranes

Question 17

what are the s/s of severe dehydration?

Answer 17

oliguria or anuria
tachycardia
tented skin
very dry mucous membranes
orthostatic bp

Question 18

what is the tape test?

Answer 18

tape is placed over child’s anus to test for pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)

Question 19

The first meconium should be passed within…?

Answer 19

24-36 hours of life

Question 20

Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 20

birth defect; missing ganglion cells in the colon
causing decreased bowl motility

Question 21

s/s of Hirschsprung disease of newborn

Answer 21

failure to pass meconium for 24-48 hours
vomiting bile
refusal to eat
abdominal distention

Question 22

What is retching?

Answer 22

spasmodic movements during inspiration

Question 23

what is pica associated with?

Answer 23

iron and zinc deficiency

Question 24

s/s of pica

Answer 24

excessive drooling
vomiting
gagging

Question 25

manifestations of GERD

Answer 25

poor weight gain regurgitation excessive crying

Question 26

s/s of IBS

Answer 26

flatulence constipation feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowl

Question 27

management of IBS

Answer 27

increasing fiber and loperamide

Question 28

acute appendicitis

Answer 28

obstruction of lumen of appendix, causing blocked secretions and pressure building

Question 29

s/s of acute appendicitis

Answer 29

referred pain fever vomiting tachycardia McBurney's point

Question 30

management/treatment for UC

Answer 30

5-ASAs

Question 31

what is a paralytic ileus?

Answer 31

constricted or impaired motility

Question 32

cues of paralytic ileus?

Answer 32

abdominal pain N&V distention constipation

Question 33

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 33

thickening of the pyloric sphincter causing constriction

Question 34

manifestations of pyloric stenosis

Answer 34

nonbilious projectile vomiting/excessive

Question 35

management of HPS

Answer 35

vital signs electrolyte imbalance PRONE TO METABOLIC ALKALOSIS due to loss of hydrogen ions plus sodium, potassium and chloride

Question 36

intussusception

Answer 36

part of intestine folds into section next to it called telescoping

Question 37

s/s of intussusception

Answer 37

sausage shape mass in RUQ lethargy currrant jelly stools (stools with blood and mucus)

Question 38

4 characteristics of celiac diease

Answer 38

steatorrhea general malnutrition abdominal distention secondary vitamin deficiencies

Question 39

manifestations of celiac

Answer 39

fatty stools anemia anorexia malnutrition

Question 40

management of celiac

Answer 40

eliminate gluten which are in wheat, rye, barley, and oats

Question 41

what is hematochezia?

Answer 41

rectal bleeding

Question 42

how is hep A transmitted?

Answer 42

fecal-oral

Question 43

how is hep B transmitted?

Answer 43

perinatally

Question 44

Biliary atresia

Answer 44

obstruction of bile ducts

Question 45

s/s of biliary atresia

Answer 45

prolonged jaundice

Question 46

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 46

esophagus fails to develop as a continues passage to stomach

Question 47

s/s of TEF

Answer 47

frothy saliva drooling coughing

Question 48

what is a s/s that would indicate TEF

Answer 48

excessive saliva, apnea, cyanosis

Question 49

Gastroschisis

Answer 49

bowl herniates thru defect in abdomen wall right of umbilical cord

Question 50

management of gastroschisis

Answer 50

cover with moist dressing assessment thermal regulation