G.I. Flashcards
What is the role of bacteria in the colon?
synthesizes vitamin k, B12, and some of the vitamin B12 complex
Cues of GI diseases
malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, malnutrition, poor growth
What are the parameters for acute diarrhea?
short period of sudden increase and change in consistency of stools
What are the parameters of chronic diarrhea?
increase and change in consistency of stools for more than 14 days
Consequences of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
dehydration and metabolic acidosis
Encopresis
constipation with fecal soiling
What are the manifestations of rotavirus and how is it transmitted?
fever, vomiting, diarrhea,
Fecal-oral
What are the manifestations of yersinia entercolitis and how is it transmitted?
bloody diarrhea
fever, abdominal pain, vomiting,
pets and food
What are the manifestations of E.coli?
watery diarrhea
cramping and bloody diarrhea
manifestations of salmonella?
mild to severe nausea and vomiting
abdominal cramps
fever
can lead to septicemia or meningitis
how is botulism acquired?
contaminated food products
how is shigellosis acquired?
contaminated food or water
what is Isotonic dehydration?
water and sodium are lost in nearly equal amounts
blood sodium is normal
What is hypotonic dehydration?
electrolyte loss is greater than water loss
shock is likely
blood sodium is less than130
what is hypertonic dehydration?
water loss greater than electrolyte loss
blood sodium is greater than 150
what are the s/s of moderate dehydration?
pulse slightly increased
dry mucous membranes
what are the s/s of severe dehydration?
oliguria or anuria
tachycardia
tented skin
very dry mucous membranes
orthostatic bp
what is the tape test?
tape is placed over child’s anus to test for pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)
The first meconium should be passed within…?
24-36 hours of life
Hirschsprung Disease
birth defect; missing ganglion cells in the colon
causing decreased bowl motility
s/s of Hirschsprung disease of newborn
failure to pass meconium for 24-48 hours
vomiting bile
refusal to eat
abdominal distention
What is retching?
spasmodic movements during inspiration
what is pica associated with?
iron and zinc deficiency
s/s of pica
excessive drooling
vomiting
gagging
manifestations of GERD
poor weight gain
regurgitation
excessive crying
s/s of IBS
flatulence
constipation
feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowl
management of IBS
increasing fiber and loperamide
acute appendicitis
obstruction of lumen of appendix, causing blocked secretions and pressure building
s/s of acute appendicitis
referred pain
fever
vomiting
tachycardia
McBurney’s point
management/treatment for UC
5-ASAs
what is a paralytic ileus?
constricted or impaired motility
cues of paralytic ileus?
abdominal pain
N&V
distention
constipation
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
thickening of the pyloric sphincter causing constriction
manifestations of pyloric stenosis
nonbilious projectile vomiting/excessive
management of HPS
vital signs
electrolyte imbalance
PRONE TO METABOLIC ALKALOSIS due to loss of hydrogen ions plus sodium, potassium and chloride
intussusception
part of intestine folds into section next to it called telescoping
s/s of intussusception
sausage shape mass in RUQ
lethargy
currrant jelly stools (stools with blood and mucus)
4 characteristics of celiac diease
steatorrhea
general malnutrition
abdominal distention
secondary vitamin deficiencies
manifestations of celiac
fatty stools
anemia
anorexia
malnutrition
management of celiac
eliminate gluten which are in wheat, rye, barley, and oats
what is hematochezia?
rectal bleeding
how is hep A transmitted?
fecal-oral
how is hep B transmitted?
perinatally
Biliary atresia
obstruction of bile ducts
s/s of biliary atresia
prolonged jaundice
Tracheoesophageal fistula
esophagus fails to develop as a continues passage to stomach
s/s of TEF
frothy saliva
drooling
coughing
what is a s/s that would indicate TEF
excessive saliva, apnea, cyanosis
Gastroschisis
bowl herniates thru defect in abdomen wall right of umbilical cord
management of gastroschisis
cover with moist dressing
assessment
thermal regulation
