Cognitive Impairment

Question 1

Intellectual functioning

Answer 1

reasoning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, judgment

Question 2

Adaptive functioning

Answer 2

communication, self care, home living, social skills, health and safety

Question 3

Links to cognitive impairment

Answer 3

genetics, biochemical, infections

Question 4

Categories of things that can cause CI

Answer 4

infection and intoxication
trauma
inadequate nutrition
metabolic
prenatal influences

Question 5

nursing care for children with CI

Answer 5

establish discipline
encourage socialization
provide information in sexuality

Question 6

what is the most common genetic cause of CI?

Answer 6

down syndrome

Question 7

manifestations of cognitive impairment

Answer 7

nonresponsiveness to environment
gross motor delay
fine motor delay
behavior difficulties

Question 8

Associated problems to down syndrome

Answer 8

respiratory tract infections
heart defects
thyroid dysfunction
increased risk of leukemia

Question 9

Fragile X syndrome

Answer 9

abnormal gene on x chromosome

Question 10

manifestations of FXS

Answer 10

long face with prominent jaw
large protruding ears
large testes

Question 11

therapeutic management of FXS

Answer 11

carbamazepine (tegretol)
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
melatonin
decrease hyperactivity
improve attention span
Catapres

Question 12

slight to moderately severe hearing impairment

Answer 12

has residual hearing, uses hearing aid

Question 13

severe to profound hearing impairment

Answer 13

can not use hearing aid, disability too severe

Question 14

possible causes of hearing impairment

Answer 14

family hx
malformation
cerebral palsy
prolonged oxygen supplementation
perinatal infections

Question 15

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 15

sound cannot get through middle ear
most common and results from otitis media, excessive wax or foreign bodies

Question 16

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 16

inability to transmit sound due to damage of middle ear

Question 17

Signs of spinal cord compression

Answer 17

persistent neck pain
loss of established motor skills and bladder and bowel control
changes in sensation

Question 18

Behaviors of Fragile X syndrome

Answer 18

speech delay
hypersensitivity to touch, taste, sound
autistic like

Question 19

Expected findings of hearing impairment

Answer 19

lack of startle reflex
failure to respond to noise
lack of response to spoken word

Question 20

How many decibels is mild to moderate hearing loss?

Answer 20

26-55

Question 21

What age should well formed syllables (da, na, yaya) be said?

Answer 21

11 months

Question 22

Nursing care for hearing impaired children

Answer 22

lip reading
cued speech

Question 23

what are some causes of visual impairments?

Answer 23

retinopathy of prematurity
trauma
sickle cell
albinism
postnatal infections

Question 24

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Answer 24

sees close objects clearly but not in the distance

Question 25

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Answer 25

sees distant objects clearly but not close objects

Question 26

Emergency treatment for eye injury: chemical burns

Answer 26

irrigate the eye with tap water for 15-20 minutes

Question 27

Emergency treatment for eye injury: Hematoma (black eye)

Answer 27

check for gross hyphema or hemorrhage
use ice for first 24 hours to reduce swelling

Question 28

Nursing care for hospitalized visually impaired child

Answer 28

orient child to surroundings
make sure the environment is safe

Question 29

Communication impairment

Answer 29

inability to receive, process, transmit, or represent symbol systems for spoken word

Question 30

Autistic spectrum disorders

Answer 30

deficits in social communication and social interaction

Question 31

Prevention of hearing loss in preterm infants is directed toward which of the following?

Answer 31

maintaining therapeutic levels of ototoxic antibiotics