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Pediatrics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the job of healthy people 2030?

A

promotes health for children

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2
Q

What kind of children are at the highest for mortality and morbidity?

A

children born preterm, very low birth weight and low birth weight

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3
Q

Two main issues affecting childhood health?

A

Obesity and type 2 diabetes

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4
Q

What is the nursing intervention for obesity in children?

A

prevention strategies to prevent overweight children, education

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5
Q

Common causes of infant death?

A

Unintentional injury, motor vehicle crashes, and homicide

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6
Q

What is atraumatic care?

A

use of interventions that minimize distress on children and their families

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7
Q

What is evidence based practice?

A

combines knowledge with clinical experience to provide a rational approach to decision making

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8
Q

What does PICOT stand for?

A

Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time

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9
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

obligation to prevent harm

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10
Q

Autonomy

A

patient’s right to self-governing

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11
Q

beneficence

A

obligation to promote the patient’s well being

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12
Q

justice

A

concept of fairness

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13
Q

What is the leading cause of death in children over the age of 1 year?

A

motor vehicle accidents

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14
Q

Family systems theory explains….

A

how families react to stressful events and suggest factors that promote adaptation to stress

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15
Q

What is the developmental theory?

A

8 developmental tasks of family throughout its life span

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16
Q

Stage 1 of Duvall’s development

A

Marriage and an independent home, reestablish couple identity and realign relationships with extended family

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17
Q

Stage 2 of Duvall’s development

A

Families with infants; accommodate to new parenting, maintain marital bond

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18
Q

Stage 3 of Duvall’s development

A

Families with preschoolers; parent and child adjust to separation

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19
Q

Stage 4 of Duvall’s development

A

families with schoolchildren; children develop peer relations, adjust to school influences

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20
Q

Stage 5 of Duvall’s development

A

Families with teenagers; autonomy, parents refocus on midlife and career issues

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21
Q

Stage 6 of Duvall’s development

A

families as launching centers; parents and young adults establish independent identities

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22
Q

Stage 7 of Duvall’s development

A

middle aged families; reinvest in couple identity, realign relationships to include in-laws and grandchildren

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23
Q

Stage 8 Duvall’s development

A

aging families; shift from work role to leisure and retirement, prepare with own death and loss of spouse or siblings

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24
Q

Blended/Reconstituted family

A

includes at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half sibling

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25
Q

Nuclear family

A

two parents and their children and can be biologic, step, adoptive or foster; parents are not married

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26
Q

Traditional nuclear family

A

married parents and biologic children

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27
Q

Extended family

A

at least one parent, one or more children and one or more members related or unrelated

28
Q

Some family nursing interventions

A

behavior modification, collaborative strategies, contracting, counseling, advocacy, role modeling, teaching strategies

29
Q

Authoritarian

A

parents control children’s behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates

30
Q

Authoritative

A

democratic parents combine practices from both of the other parenting styles

31
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

rewarding for desired behavior

32
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

to extinguish behavior such as time-out, corporal punishment, or physical

33
Q

Effects of divorce on children

A

not doing well in school, problem sleeping

34
Q

Culture

A

a group with its value, beliefs, norms, laws, social relationships, and practices

35
Q

Cultural competence

A

understanding and respecting the influence of culture, race, and ethnicity on child-rearing and attitudes on health

36
Q

Subcultural influences

A

race and ethnicity, poverty and economy, parental education, land of origin and immigration

37
Q

4 things involved with developing cultural competence

A

self-awareness, attitude, knowledge, and skills

38
Q

ways to communicate with children

A

be developmentally appropriate, get on child’s eye level, always be truthful, give the child choices, include play, use simple terms and questions

39
Q

Play can serve as a…

A

therapeutic intervention, stress reliever, pain reliever and distracter, barometer of illness

40
Q

Approaches to examining a child

A

alter head-to-toe sequence, least invasive to most, use play or parental assistance, minimize stress and anxiety

41
Q

Posterior fontanels close by…

A

6-8 weeks

42
Q

Anterior fontanels close by….

A

12-18 months

43
Q

Pain relief methods for teething

A

refrigerated pacifier, cold teething ring, acetaminophen, OTC teething gels

44
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

baby’s head as a flattened appearance

45
Q

Newborns may loose up to [blank] % of birth weight by [blank] days of age

A

10%; 3-4 days of age

45
Q

Birth weight is regained by the [blank] day of life

A

10-14 days

45
Q

Birth weights double by [blank] months old

A

5

45
Q

Birth weight triples by [blank] months

A

12

45
Q

Birth length increases approximately [blank] cm per month for the first [blank] months

A

2.5 cm; 6 months

45
Q

Birth length increases [blank] % by [blank] months of age

A

50%; 12 months

45
Q

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is

A

birth to 24 months

46
Q

Separation

A

infants learn to separate themselves

46
Q

Object permanence

A

process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it is out of view

46
Q

Mental representation

A

ability to recognize and use symbols

47
Q

Separation anxiety occurs at what ages?

A

4-8 months

48
Q

Fear of strangers occurs at what ages?

A

6-8 months

49
Q

When are solid foods introduced?

A

6 months of age

50
Q

Infants sleep..

A

14 to 15 hours daily

51
Q

Nocturnal sleep pattern is established by

A

3-4 months of age

52
Q

Things to do to prevent burns

A

avoid warming formula in microwave, check temp of bath water, apply sunscreen to infants when exposed to sun, electrical outlets should be covered

53
Q

Purpose of vaccines

A

stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease

54
Q

At birth which vaccine do they receive?

A

Hep B

55
Q

At 2 months which vaccine do they receive?

A

DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV, Hep B

56
Q

When do kids get Hep A vaccine?

A

12-23 months and the second one 6-18 months after the first

57
Q

When do pregnant adolescents receive Tdap?

A

between 27-36 weeks; administer one dose with each pregnancy

58
Q

What do conjugate vaccine of Hib do?

A

connect hib to nontoxic form of another organism to improve to antibody response to Hib

59
Q
A

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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