Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the job of healthy people 2030?
promotes health for children
What kind of children are at the highest for mortality and morbidity?
children born preterm, very low birth weight and low birth weight
Two main issues affecting childhood health?
Obesity and type 2 diabetes
What is the nursing intervention for obesity in children?
prevention strategies to prevent overweight children, education
Common causes of infant death?
Unintentional injury, motor vehicle crashes, and homicide
What is atraumatic care?
use of interventions that minimize distress on children and their families
What is evidence based practice?
combines knowledge with clinical experience to provide a rational approach to decision making
What does PICOT stand for?
Population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time
Nonmaleficence
obligation to prevent harm
Autonomy
patient’s right to self-governing
beneficence
obligation to promote the patient’s well being
justice
concept of fairness
What is the leading cause of death in children over the age of 1 year?
motor vehicle accidents
Family systems theory explains….
how families react to stressful events and suggest factors that promote adaptation to stress
What is the developmental theory?
8 developmental tasks of family throughout its life span
Stage 1 of Duvall’s development
Marriage and an independent home, reestablish couple identity and realign relationships with extended family
Stage 2 of Duvall’s development
Families with infants; accommodate to new parenting, maintain marital bond
Stage 3 of Duvall’s development
Families with preschoolers; parent and child adjust to separation
Stage 4 of Duvall’s development
families with schoolchildren; children develop peer relations, adjust to school influences
Stage 5 of Duvall’s development
Families with teenagers; autonomy, parents refocus on midlife and career issues
Stage 6 of Duvall’s development
families as launching centers; parents and young adults establish independent identities
Stage 7 of Duvall’s development
middle aged families; reinvest in couple identity, realign relationships to include in-laws and grandchildren
Stage 8 Duvall’s development
aging families; shift from work role to leisure and retirement, prepare with own death and loss of spouse or siblings
Blended/Reconstituted family
includes at least one stepparent, stepsibling, or half sibling
Nuclear family
two parents and their children and can be biologic, step, adoptive or foster; parents are not married
Traditional nuclear family
married parents and biologic children
Extended family
at least one parent, one or more children and one or more members related or unrelated
Some family nursing interventions
behavior modification, collaborative strategies, contracting, counseling, advocacy, role modeling, teaching strategies
Authoritarian
parents control children’s behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates
Authoritative
democratic parents combine practices from both of the other parenting styles
Positive reinforcement
rewarding for desired behavior
Negative reinforcement
to extinguish behavior such as time-out, corporal punishment, or physical
Effects of divorce on children
not doing well in school, problem sleeping
Culture
a group with its value, beliefs, norms, laws, social relationships, and practices
Cultural competence
understanding and respecting the influence of culture, race, and ethnicity on child-rearing and attitudes on health
Subcultural influences
race and ethnicity, poverty and economy, parental education, land of origin and immigration
4 things involved with developing cultural competence
self-awareness, attitude, knowledge, and skills
ways to communicate with children
be developmentally appropriate, get on child’s eye level, always be truthful, give the child choices, include play, use simple terms and questions
Play can serve as a…
therapeutic intervention, stress reliever, pain reliever and distracter, barometer of illness
Approaches to examining a child
alter head-to-toe sequence, least invasive to most, use play or parental assistance, minimize stress and anxiety
Posterior fontanels close by…
6-8 weeks
Anterior fontanels close by….
12-18 months
Pain relief methods for teething
refrigerated pacifier, cold teething ring, acetaminophen, OTC teething gels
Plagiocephaly
baby’s head as a flattened appearance
Newborns may loose up to [blank] % of birth weight by [blank] days of age
10%; 3-4 days of age
Birth weight is regained by the [blank] day of life
10-14 days
Birth weights double by [blank] months old
5
Birth weight triples by [blank] months
12
Birth length increases approximately [blank] cm per month for the first [blank] months
2.5 cm; 6 months
Birth length increases [blank] % by [blank] months of age
50%; 12 months
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is
birth to 24 months
Separation
infants learn to separate themselves
Object permanence
process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it is out of view
Mental representation
ability to recognize and use symbols
Separation anxiety occurs at what ages?
4-8 months
Fear of strangers occurs at what ages?
6-8 months
When are solid foods introduced?
6 months of age
Infants sleep..
14 to 15 hours daily
Nocturnal sleep pattern is established by
3-4 months of age
Things to do to prevent burns
avoid warming formula in microwave, check temp of bath water, apply sunscreen to infants when exposed to sun, electrical outlets should be covered
Purpose of vaccines
stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease
At birth which vaccine do they receive?
Hep B
At 2 months which vaccine do they receive?
DTaP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV, Hep B
When do kids get Hep A vaccine?
12-23 months and the second one 6-18 months after the first
When do pregnant adolescents receive Tdap?
between 27-36 weeks; administer one dose with each pregnancy
What do conjugate vaccine of Hib do?
connect hib to nontoxic form of another organism to improve to antibody response to Hib
