Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

skin cues of blood disorders

A

pallor
petechia
bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the most common hematologic disorder of infancy and childhood is…?

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Anemia?

A

low # of RBC’s or hgb concentration; decreases oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consequence of anemia

A

decreased amount of oxygen available to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the best diagnostic method for anemia?

A

routine screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

s/s of anemia

A

dizziness
lightheadedness
headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemoglobin below…is considered anemia

A

10-11 g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what to remember for blood transfusion therapy

A

verify identity of pt and blood type
be aware of reactions
monitor vs
use appropriate filter
use blood within 30 min of arrival
infuse of 4 hr max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some transfusion reactions?

A

fever
allergic reactions (urticaria, pruritus, laryngeal edema)
air emboli
hypothermia
electrolyte disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some transfusion responsibilities?

A

transfuse slowly for first 15-20 min
monitor vs and stay with patient
STOP TRANSFUSION IMMEDIATELY IF S/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A

caused by inadequate supply of dietary iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is milk and anemia related?

A

milk is a poor source of iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what education would you provide about anemia?

A

use only breast milk
iron fortified formula
iron turns stool tarry green or black
liquid iron can stain teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do you prevent bad oral staining from liquid iron?

A

take through a straw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can interfere with iron metabolism?

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemolysis

A

excessive destruction of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what factors can lead to a sickle cell crisis?

A

trauma
infection
fever
physical/emotional stress
hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 types of sickle cell crisis

A

vasoocclusive
splenic sequestration
aplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vasoocclusive

A

stasis of blood with clumping
pain, tissue engorgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Splenic sequestration s/s

A

life threatening
blood pools in spleen
shock, hypovolemia, anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

aplastic crises s/s

A

diminished production increased destruction of RBCs
caused by viral infection
profound anemia and pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute chest syndrome s/s

A

presents like pneumonia
chest pain, fever, cough, tachypnea, wheezing, hypoxia,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are causes of iron deficiency anemia?

A

inadequate supply of iron
impaired iron absorption
blood loss
excessive demands for iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

hemolytic disorder caused by a defect in the proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
s/s of hereditary spherocytosis
anemia splenomegaly, jaundice
26
what is the leading cause of death in young children with sickle cell?
bacterial infection
27
what is acute chest syndrome?
when there is sickling of blood cells in the lungs causing blockage
28
what are some food sources of iron?
beans lentils green leafy veggies red meat
29
What is iron chelation?
removal of iron in blood with medication from too many blood transfusions
30
nursing care for sickle cell
assessments maintain hydration multisystem assessment
31
what is a potential cure for sickle cell disease?
human tumor stem cell transplant
32
what is Thalassemia?
body makes fewer RBC's and hgb
33
s/s of thalassemia
chronic hypoxia, headache, exercise intolerance
34
4 types of beta-thalassemia
minor, trait, intermedia, major/cooley anemia
35
what is thalassemia minor?
is an asymptomatic carrier
36
what is thalassemia trait?
mild microcytic anemia in which RBC's are smaller and less in color than normal
37
what is thalassemia intermedia?
moderate to severe anemic symptoms plus splenomegaly
38
what is thalassemia major/ cooley anemia
severe anemia requiring transfusions to survive
39
what is the drug for iron chelation?
deferoxamine
40
what is the prognosis for someone with thalassaemia?
stunted growth delayed secondary sex characteristics
41
what is a potential cure for thalassaemia?
bone marrow transplant
42
what are some clinical presentations of someone with thalassemia?
pallor anorexia enlarged spleen enlarged head prominent frontal or parietal bosses
43
Aplastic Anemia (AA)
all formed elements of the blood are depressed
44
what is the main difference of aplastic anemia and hypoplastic anemia?
hypoplastic is depressed RBC's only aplastic is depressed RBC's, WBC's and platelets
45
Hemostasis
process that stops bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
46
What is hemophilia?
difficulty controlling bleeding due to missing clotting factors
47
Hemophilia A
common type deficient in factor VII (serum prothrombin)
48
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)
Deficiency in factor IX (plasma thromboplastin)
49
Which gender are affected most by hemophilia A?
Males
50
Hemarthrosis
bleeding into joint space of knee, ankle, elbow
51
Manifestations of hemophilia?
ecchymosis, epistaxis, bleeding after procedures
52
how is hemophilia treated?
replacing clotting factors with DDAVP
53
What are some ways to manage hemarthrosis?
elevate and immobilize joint ice analgesics ROM after bleeding avoid obesity
54
How can you prevent bleeding?
close supervision shave only with electric razor dental procedures in controlled situation
55
Von Willebrand Disease
an hereditary bleeding disorder with deficiency of von willebrand factor
56
why is the von willebrand factor important?
needed for platelet adhesion
57
Manifestations of von willebrand disease
easy bruising nose bleeds gingival bleeding excessive bleeding with lacerations or surgeries menorrhagia
58
interventions for epistaxis
sit up and lean forward apply pressure for 10 mins do not insert cotton or blow nose apply ice or cold cloth
59
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
bleeding disorder involving: 1.) destruction of platelets (thrombocytopenia) 2.) discoloration caused by petechiae (purpura) 3.) normal bone marrow with increase in large immature platelets
60
What platelets are increased with ITP?
eosinophils and megakaryocytes
61
Manifestations of ITP
petechiae ecchymosis epistaxis bleeding gums melena
62
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Coagulation is abnormally stimulated
63
Neutropenia
reduction in absolute number of circulating neutrophils less than 1000 in infants less 1500 in children older than 1

Pediatrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions