Endocrine Dysfunction

Question 1

What organs are apart of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads, ovaries, and pancreas

Question 2

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 2

pancreatic beta cells are destroyed; no insulin release

Question 3

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 3

pancreas releases insulin but not enough to meet needs

Question 4

Hypoglycemia

Answer 4

blood glucose less than 60 mg/dL

Question 5

s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 5

shakiness, hunger, lightheaded, headache, blurred vision, slurred speech
“cold and clammy give me candy”

Question 6

Hyperglycemia

Answer 6

glucose greater than 250 mg/dL

Question 7

s/s of hyperglycemia

Answer 7

3 P’s
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Question 8

Expected range for A1C for kids

Answer 8

4%-5.9%

Question 9

What is the target range for children with diabetes under 6?

Answer 9

7.5-8.5

Question 10

What is the target range for children with diabetes ages 6-12?

Answer 10

8%

Question 11

Education for parents with DM

Answer 11

child must have a snack 30 min before sports
prolonged activities require food 45-60 min prior

Question 12

What is initially used to treat hypoglycemia and what foods?

Answer 12

10-15 grams of carb
OJ, milk, soft drink

Question 13

Education about insulin

Answer 13

Never mix lantus
rotate injection sites
draw up short acting before long acting
(clear before cloudy)

Question 14

Rapid acting lispro (humalog):
what is the onset, peak, and duration?

Answer 14

Onset: 15 -30 min
Peak 30 min- 3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours

Question 15

Short acting Regular (Humulin R)
onset, peak, duration

Answer 15

Onset: 30 min-1hr
Peak: 1-5 hrs
Duration 6-10 hrs

Question 16

Intermediate acting NPH
onset, peak, duration

Answer 16

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Peak: 4-14 hrs
Duration: 14-24 hrs

Question 17

Long acting lantus
onset, peak, duration

Answer 17

Onset: 1-4 hrs
Peak: none
Duration: 24 hours

Question 18

DKA

Answer 18

hyperglycemia of over 330 mg/dL

Question 19

s/s of DKA

Answer 19

Kussmaul respirations
ketones in blood and urine
fruity breath
confusion
dehydration

Question 19

What is the treatment of DKA?

Answer 19

insulin drip
Isotonic IV fluid NS

Question 19

What labs do you monitor for DKA?

Answer 19

BUN, BMP, glucose, ABGs, CBC

Question 20

Nursing care/monitoring for DKA

Answer 20

maintain glucose between 120-140
hourly checks
monitor potassium
sodium bicarbonate to treat acidosis
monitor LOC

Question 21

Growth Hormone deficiency

Answer 21

Dwarfism; caused by failure of pituitary to produce growth hormone

Question 22

Expected physical findings of dwarfism?

Answer 22

short stature
proportional height and weight
delayed sexual development

Question 23

Medications for growth hormone deficiency

Answer 23

Somatropin which is for HGH replacement

Question 24

What does Somatropin do and how often is it given and when?

Answer 24

assist in muscle growth
given 6-7 days a week
at bedtime for effectiveness

Question 25

Congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 25

due to absent or nonfunctioning thyroid gland in newborn

Question 26

Clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 26

poor growth
poor sucking
enlarged tongue
jaundice
short thick neck

Question 27

Nursing care/meds for congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 27

monitor height and weight
levothyroxine
give vitamin D
monitor thyroid levels

Question 28

Hypopituitarism

Answer 28

Diminished secretion of one or more pituitary hormones

Question 29

What does hypopituitarism lead to?

Answer 29

stunted growth
absence or regression of secondary sex characteristics
hypothyroidism