Endocrine Dysfunction Flashcards
What organs are apart of the endocrine system?
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads, ovaries, and pancreas
Type 1 diabetes
pancreatic beta cells are destroyed; no insulin release
Type 2 Diabetes
pancreas releases insulin but not enough to meet needs
Hypoglycemia
blood glucose less than 60 mg/dL
s/s of hypoglycemia
shakiness, hunger, lightheaded, headache, blurred vision, slurred speech
“cold and clammy give me candy”
Hyperglycemia
glucose greater than 250 mg/dL
s/s of hyperglycemia
3 P’s
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
Expected range for A1C for kids
4%-5.9%
What is the target range for children with diabetes under 6?
7.5-8.5
What is the target range for children with diabetes ages 6-12?
8%
Education for parents with DM
child must have a snack 30 min before sports
prolonged activities require food 45-60 min prior
What is initially used to treat hypoglycemia and what foods?
10-15 grams of carb
OJ, milk, soft drink
Education about insulin
Never mix lantus
rotate injection sites
draw up short acting before long acting
(clear before cloudy)
Rapid acting lispro (humalog):
what is the onset, peak, and duration?
Onset: 15 -30 min
Peak 30 min- 3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours
Short acting Regular (Humulin R)
onset, peak, duration
Onset: 30 min-1hr
Peak: 1-5 hrs
Duration 6-10 hrs
Intermediate acting NPH
onset, peak, duration
Onset: 1-2 hrs
Peak: 4-14 hrs
Duration: 14-24 hrs
Long acting lantus
onset, peak, duration
Onset: 1-4 hrs
Peak: none
Duration: 24 hours
DKA
hyperglycemia of over 330 mg/dL
s/s of DKA
Kussmaul respirations
ketones in blood and urine
fruity breath
confusion
dehydration
What is the treatment of DKA?
insulin drip
Isotonic IV fluid NS
What labs do you monitor for DKA?
BUN, BMP, glucose, ABGs, CBC
Nursing care/monitoring for DKA
maintain glucose between 120-140
hourly checks
monitor potassium
sodium bicarbonate to treat acidosis
monitor LOC
Growth Hormone deficiency
Dwarfism; caused by failure of pituitary to produce growth hormone
Expected physical findings of dwarfism?
short stature
proportional height and weight
delayed sexual development
Medications for growth hormone deficiency
Somatropin which is for HGH replacement
What does Somatropin do and how often is it given and when?
assist in muscle growth
given 6-7 days a week
at bedtime for effectiveness
Congenital hypothyroidism
due to absent or nonfunctioning thyroid gland in newborn
Clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism
poor growth
poor sucking
enlarged tongue
jaundice
short thick neck
Nursing care/meds for congenital hypothyroidism
monitor height and weight
levothyroxine
give vitamin D
monitor thyroid levels
Hypopituitarism
Diminished secretion of one or more pituitary hormones
What does hypopituitarism lead to?
stunted growth
absence or regression of secondary sex characteristics
hypothyroidism
