Respiratory Illnesses Flashcards
Most common cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia?
Strep pneumonia
What is another name for Strep pneumonia?
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Cough assc with Strep Pneumo / Sputum color assc with Strep Pneumo / type of pain
Productive cough / Rusty red colored sputum / Pleuritic chest pain
Strep pneumo - immunocompetent or compromised patients?
Usually immunocompetent
Dx / CXR / Tx for strep pneumonia
Gram + diplococci on gram stain or urine antigen test / Consolidating lobar pneumonia on CXR / Amoxicillin
Second most common CAP:
Haemophilus Influenza
Type of cough with H. Flu
Productive
H flu - immunocompetent or immunocompromised?
Immunocompetent but alcoholics / pt.s with COPD / smokers are more likely to get it.
Dx / Tx for H. flu
Gram stain reveals Pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli / Macrolide
How is Legionnaire’s transmitted?
Amoeba in water; inhalation of infected water’s mist/vapor (i.e. hot tub)
Other symptoms associated w/ Legionnaire’s Disease?
Diarrhea, neurologic signs
Type of cough associated with Legionnaire’s? / Sputum?
Nonproductive cough / Purulent sputum
Dx challenge / Tx of Legionnaire’s?
There will be no bacteria on sputum cx / Macrolide
Describe sputum found with Klebsiella pneumonia:
Red Currant Jelly Sputum
Populations that typically get Klebsiella:
Diabetics, alcoholics, HC workers
Dx / Tx for Klebsiella:
Plump gram negative encapsulated rods / Ceftriaxone
What type of pneumonia does Mycoplasma cause? / who typically gets it / what season
Walking pneumonia / Young Adults / Summer or Fall
Cough / Sputum associated with Mycoplasmal Pneumonia:
Dry, incessant cough / Purulent sputum
Tx for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
Macrolides
How is Hantavirus transmitted? / What part of US?
Rodents / SW
Progression of Hantavirus / hallmark of the disease
Flu –> pulmonary edema –> respiratory distress / Vascular leaking
Dx / Tx of Hantavirus
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test / No tx (40% mortality)
Describe symptoms associated with TB:
Slow progression of constitutional sx: night sweats, weight loss, fever, bloody cough
Causative agent of TB:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How do you test for TB?
Use acid fast stain for Mycobacterium Tb
Is there a vaccine for TB?
BCG is available; mitigates the disease if contracted
TB on CXR?
Cavitations & opacities in apical region
Agent that causes Influenza:
Orthomyxovirus
Complication of flu / TX of flu
Reye Syndrome (encephalopathy) / Rest and fluids
Causative agent of Pertussis?
Bordetella Pertussis
Who gets pertussis? / prognosis
Infants / can be fatal
Stages of Pertussis:
- Catarrhal stage - coryza and hacking, 2. Paroxysmal - whooping, 3. Convalescence (decrease in severity)
Dx / Tx of pertussis:
Cx will be positive during first phase / Macrolide (Erythromycin)
What swells during mumps?
Swollen parotid gland
What causes mumps? / what else does that agent cause?
Paramyxovirus / Measles
Treatment for mumps:
none - it is self limiting and rarely fatal
Where would you find Coccidiomycosis?
SW US, Mexico, Central/S America
Does Coccidiomycosis affect immunocompetent or compromised hosts?
Compromised, it’s opportunistic
Psittacosis is an ________________
Atypical pneumoni
Noteworthy vital signs associated with Psittacosis:
High fever, low pulse
How does one acquire Psittacosis?
Contact with birds
Hallmark finding of Diptheria? / who is most at risk? / Tx
Tenacious gray tonsillar membrane / alcoholics / Pen
What part of the world does SARS affect?
Asia & Toronto
Causative agent for SARS? / animal carrier
Coronavirus / Horse Shoe Bat
Treatment for SARs? / Mortality?
No effective Tx / 10-14%
Causative agent of diptheria
Corynebacterium
Criteria for pneumonia being considered “hospital acquired”
Greater than 48 hours after hospital admission
Criteria for pneumonia being considered “Health Care Associated Pneumonia”
Acquired during contact w/healthcare (nursing home, recent hospitalization, antibiotic use, medical intervention)
3 most common causative agents of CAP:
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
Common symptoms assc w/ CAP:
Cough, productive cough, pleuritic CP, fever
Pneumococcal vaccine contains:
capsular antigen from 23 types of S. pneumoniae; these types account for 87% of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in US
