Respiratory Illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumonia

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2
Q

What is another name for Strep pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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3
Q

Cough assc with Strep Pneumo / Sputum color assc with Strep Pneumo / type of pain

A

Productive cough / Rusty red colored sputum / Pleuritic chest pain

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4
Q

Strep pneumo - immunocompetent or compromised patients?

A

Usually immunocompetent

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5
Q

Dx / CXR / Tx for strep pneumonia

A

Gram + diplococci on gram stain or urine antigen test / Consolidating lobar pneumonia on CXR / Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Second most common CAP:

A

Haemophilus Influenza

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7
Q

Type of cough with H. Flu

A

Productive

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8
Q

H flu - immunocompetent or immunocompromised?

A

Immunocompetent but alcoholics / pt.s with COPD / smokers are more likely to get it.

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9
Q

Dx / Tx for H. flu

A

Gram stain reveals Pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli / Macrolide

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10
Q

How is Legionnaire’s transmitted?

A

Amoeba in water; inhalation of infected water’s mist/vapor (i.e. hot tub)

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11
Q

Other symptoms associated w/ Legionnaire’s Disease?

A

Diarrhea, neurologic signs

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12
Q

Type of cough associated with Legionnaire’s? / Sputum?

A

Nonproductive cough / Purulent sputum

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13
Q

Dx challenge / Tx of Legionnaire’s?

A

There will be no bacteria on sputum cx / Macrolide

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14
Q

Describe sputum found with Klebsiella pneumonia:

A

Red Currant Jelly Sputum

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15
Q

Populations that typically get Klebsiella:

A

Diabetics, alcoholics, HC workers

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16
Q

Dx / Tx for Klebsiella:

A

Plump gram negative encapsulated rods / Ceftriaxone

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17
Q

What type of pneumonia does Mycoplasma cause? / who typically gets it / what season

A

Walking pneumonia / Young Adults / Summer or Fall

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18
Q

Cough / Sputum associated with Mycoplasmal Pneumonia:

A

Dry, incessant cough / Purulent sputum

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19
Q

Tx for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

A

Macrolides

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20
Q

How is Hantavirus transmitted? / What part of US?

A

Rodents / SW

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21
Q

Progression of Hantavirus / hallmark of the disease

A

Flu –> pulmonary edema –> respiratory distress / Vascular leaking

22
Q

Dx / Tx of Hantavirus

A

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test / No tx (40% mortality)

23
Q

Describe symptoms associated with TB:

A

Slow progression of constitutional sx: night sweats, weight loss, fever, bloody cough

24
Q

Causative agent of TB:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

25
How do you test for TB?
Use acid fast stain for Mycobacterium Tb
26
Is there a vaccine for TB?
BCG is available; mitigates the disease if contracted
27
TB on CXR?
Cavitations & opacities in apical region
28
Agent that causes Influenza:
Orthomyxovirus
29
Complication of flu / TX of flu
Reye Syndrome (encephalopathy) / Rest and fluids
30
Causative agent of Pertussis?
Bordetella Pertussis
31
Who gets pertussis? / prognosis
Infants / can be fatal
32
Stages of Pertussis:
1. Catarrhal stage - coryza and hacking, 2. Paroxysmal - whooping, 3. Convalescence (decrease in severity)
33
Dx / Tx of pertussis:
Cx will be positive during first phase / Macrolide (Erythromycin)
34
What swells during mumps?
Swollen parotid gland
35
What causes mumps? / what else does that agent cause?
Paramyxovirus / Measles
36
Treatment for mumps:
none - it is self limiting and rarely fatal
37
Where would you find Coccidiomycosis?
SW US, Mexico, Central/S America
38
Does Coccidiomycosis affect immunocompetent or compromised hosts?
Compromised, it's opportunistic
39
Psittacosis is an ________________
Atypical pneumoni
40
Noteworthy vital signs associated with Psittacosis:
High fever, low pulse
41
How does one acquire Psittacosis?
Contact with birds
42
Hallmark finding of Diptheria? / who is most at risk? / Tx
Tenacious gray tonsillar membrane / alcoholics / Pen
43
What part of the world does SARS affect?
Asia & Toronto
44
Causative agent for SARS? / animal carrier
Coronavirus / Horse Shoe Bat
45
Treatment for SARs? / Mortality?
No effective Tx / 10-14%
46
Causative agent of diptheria
Corynebacterium
47
Criteria for pneumonia being considered "hospital acquired"
Greater than 48 hours after hospital admission
48
Criteria for pneumonia being considered "Health Care Associated Pneumonia"
Acquired during contact w/healthcare (nursing home, recent hospitalization, antibiotic use, medical intervention)
49
3 most common causative agents of CAP:
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
50
Common symptoms assc w/ CAP:
Cough, productive cough, pleuritic CP, fever
51
Pneumococcal vaccine contains:
capsular antigen from 23 types of S. pneumoniae; these types account for 87% of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in US