Respiratory Illnesses

Question 1

Most common cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia?

Answer 1

Strep pneumonia

Question 2

What is another name for Strep pneumonia?

Answer 2

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 3

Cough assc with Strep Pneumo / Sputum color assc with Strep Pneumo / type of pain

Answer 3

Productive cough / Rusty red colored sputum / Pleuritic chest pain

Question 4

Strep pneumo - immunocompetent or compromised patients?

Answer 4

Usually immunocompetent

Question 5

Dx / CXR / Tx for strep pneumonia

Answer 5

Gram + diplococci on gram stain or urine antigen test / Consolidating lobar pneumonia on CXR / Amoxicillin

Question 6

Second most common CAP:

Answer 6

Haemophilus Influenza

Question 7

Type of cough with H. Flu

Answer 7

Productive

Question 8

H flu - immunocompetent or immunocompromised?

Answer 8

Immunocompetent but alcoholics / pt.s with COPD / smokers are more likely to get it.

Question 9

Dx / Tx for H. flu

Answer 9

Gram stain reveals Pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli / Macrolide

Question 10

How is Legionnaire’s transmitted?

Answer 10

Amoeba in water; inhalation of infected water’s mist/vapor (i.e. hot tub)

Question 11

Other symptoms associated w/ Legionnaire’s Disease?

Answer 11

Diarrhea, neurologic signs

Question 12

Type of cough associated with Legionnaire’s? / Sputum?

Answer 12

Nonproductive cough / Purulent sputum

Question 13

Dx challenge / Tx of Legionnaire’s?

Answer 13

There will be no bacteria on sputum cx / Macrolide

Question 14

Describe sputum found with Klebsiella pneumonia:

Answer 14

Red Currant Jelly Sputum

Question 15

Populations that typically get Klebsiella:

Answer 15

Diabetics, alcoholics, HC workers

Question 16

Dx / Tx for Klebsiella:

Answer 16

Plump gram negative encapsulated rods / Ceftriaxone

Question 17

What type of pneumonia does Mycoplasma cause? / who typically gets it / what season

Answer 17

Walking pneumonia / Young Adults / Summer or Fall

Question 18

Cough / Sputum associated with Mycoplasmal Pneumonia:

Answer 18

Dry, incessant cough / Purulent sputum

Question 19

Tx for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Answer 19

Macrolides

Question 20

How is Hantavirus transmitted? / What part of US?

Answer 20

Rodents / SW

Question 21

Progression of Hantavirus / hallmark of the disease

Answer 21

Flu –> pulmonary edema –> respiratory distress / Vascular leaking

Question 22

Dx / Tx of Hantavirus

Answer 22

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test / No tx (40% mortality)

Question 23

Describe symptoms associated with TB:

Answer 23

Slow progression of constitutional sx: night sweats, weight loss, fever, bloody cough

Question 24

Causative agent of TB:

Answer 24

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 25

How do you test for TB?

Answer 25

Use acid fast stain for Mycobacterium Tb

Question 26

Is there a vaccine for TB?

Answer 26

BCG is available; mitigates the disease if contracted

Question 27

TB on CXR?

Answer 27

Cavitations & opacities in apical region

Question 28

Agent that causes Influenza:

Answer 28

Orthomyxovirus

Question 29

Complication of flu / TX of flu

Answer 29

Reye Syndrome (encephalopathy) / Rest and fluids

Question 30

Causative agent of Pertussis?

Answer 30

Bordetella Pertussis

Question 31

Who gets pertussis? / prognosis

Answer 31

Infants / can be fatal

Question 32

Stages of Pertussis:

Answer 32

1. Catarrhal stage - coryza and hacking, 2. Paroxysmal - whooping, 3. Convalescence (decrease in severity)

Question 33

Dx / Tx of pertussis:

Answer 33

Cx will be positive during first phase / Macrolide (Erythromycin)

Question 34

What swells during mumps?

Answer 34

Swollen parotid gland

Question 35

What causes mumps? / what else does that agent cause?

Answer 35

Paramyxovirus / Measles

Question 36

Treatment for mumps:

Answer 36

none - it is self limiting and rarely fatal

Question 37

Where would you find Coccidiomycosis?

Answer 37

SW US, Mexico, Central/S America

Question 38

Does Coccidiomycosis affect immunocompetent or compromised hosts?

Answer 38

Compromised, it's opportunistic

Question 39

Psittacosis is an ________________

Answer 39

Atypical pneumoni

Question 40

Noteworthy vital signs associated with Psittacosis:

Answer 40

High fever, low pulse

Question 41

How does one acquire Psittacosis?

Answer 41

Contact with birds

Question 42

Hallmark finding of Diptheria? / who is most at risk? / Tx

Answer 42

Tenacious gray tonsillar membrane / alcoholics / Pen

Question 43

What part of the world does SARS affect?

Answer 43

Asia & Toronto

Question 44

Causative agent for SARS? / animal carrier

Answer 44

Coronavirus / Horse Shoe Bat

Question 45

Treatment for SARs? / Mortality?

Answer 45

No effective Tx / 10-14%

Question 46

Causative agent of diptheria

Answer 46

Corynebacterium

Question 47

Criteria for pneumonia being considered "hospital acquired"

Answer 47

Greater than 48 hours after hospital admission

Question 48

Criteria for pneumonia being considered "Health Care Associated Pneumonia"

Answer 48

Acquired during contact w/healthcare (nursing home, recent hospitalization, antibiotic use, medical intervention)

Question 49

3 most common causative agents of CAP:

Answer 49

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 50

Common symptoms assc w/ CAP:

Answer 50

Cough, productive cough, pleuritic CP, fever

Question 51

Pneumococcal vaccine contains:

Answer 51

capsular antigen from 23 types of S. pneumoniae; these types account for 87% of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in US