Animals are Gross Flashcards
Anthrax - organism (gram +/-?) / animal
Bacillus anthracis (gram + aerobe) / domesticated herbivores - sheep, cattle, goats, pigs
Is Anthrax contagious between individuals?
No
What are the 3 presentations of Anthrax & how is it contracted? / which form is most common? / most deadly?
Cutaneous - contact, Pulmonary - inhalation, GI - ingested / Cutaneous (95%) / Pulmonary
What is the presentation of cutaneous anthrax?
Painless, necrotic black eschar surrounded by vesicles and erythema - “small sore that develops into a blister with black center”
Presentation of pulmonary anthrax
CXR shows widened mediastinum; pleural effusions, infiltrates
Dx for Anthrax / Tx for Anthrax
Gram stain or immunochemical testing / Cipro
Leading cause of illness and death in tropics and subtropics (including TX and Mexico)
Dengue Fever
Animal vector for Dengue Fever / infectious organism
Aedes mosquito bites / Flavivirus
Characteristic sign of Dengue Fever / What can it lead to? / Who gets the worst case of it?
Bone breaking & Biphasic Fever / Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome / 2nd bite (from different strain of mosquito)
Treatment of Dengue Fever?
Volume support; give blood products
What is the prognosis for Dengue Fever?
Can be self-limiting (usually 1st bite) or fatal (usually 2nd bite) depending…..
Organism that causes Cat Scratch Fever? / Animal? / Also called?
Bartonella Henselae / Kitten scratch or bite / Subacute regional lymphadenitis
Presentation of Cat Scratch Fever? / Tx?
Initial: Papule at site of inoculation, then solitary or regional lymph adenopathy, (can be axillary or epi-trochlear), HA/fever/malaise / Usually self-limiting, if it disseminates use Erythromycin
Tularemia - organism (gram +/-) / Animal
Francisella tularnsis (gram - rod) / Rabbits, deer, or via tick or deer fly
Symptoms of Tularemia? / Treatment of Tularemia?
Papule at site of inoculation ulcerates & lymphadenopathy is present / Aminoglycoside, i.e. Streptomycin
Used in bioterrorism?
Anthrax, Tularemia
Plague - organism (gram + or -) / animal vector / famous disease it caused
Yersinia pestis (gram negative rod) / fleas / Bubonic or Black Plague
Where might the plague be present in the US?
4 Corners, NV, CA
2 Types of plague / symptoms:
Bubonic Plague - plague carrying bacteria enter lymph system & cause lymph nodes to swell –> Buboes / Pneumonic Plague - spreads from person to person, HA, hemoptysis, hematemesis
Which type is contagious?
Pneumonic Plague (buboes are not contagious)
2 more ways plague disseminates:
Septicemic plague (bacteria enters bloodstream through lymphatics), Meningeal Plague (bacteria crosses blood brain barrier)
Treatment for Plague:
Aminoglycoside, i.e. Streptomycin or gentamicin
What is the most common parasitic disease of humans / where is it endemic? / Mortality
Malaria / Tropics / 13% with tx
Malaria - organism / animal vector
Plasmodium falciforum / Anopheles mosquitoes
Appearance of classic malaria attack:
6-10 hours; cold stage (rigors), hot stage (fevers, vomiting), sweat stage (return to afebrile stage)
If someone doesn’t have a fever, they don’t have malaria… t/f?
False - patients might appear well between febrile episodes
Severe malaria can lead to:
organ failure, hemolytic anemia, resp distress, medical emergency
Dx of malaria? / Tx
Giemsa-stained thin/thick blood smears - look for evidence of parasites / Chloroquine
Toxoplasmosis - organism (type) / animal vector
Toxoplasma gondii (Obligate intracellular protozoan) / Cats (ingestion of undercooked meat, oocytes contaminated by cats)
Re: Toxoplama gondii, 22% of the population __________________
Has antibodies to protect from it
Primary infection with Toxoplasmosis / Secondary infection
Asymptomatic or mild mono-like illness / then latent infection which recurs in immunocompromised population –> encephalitis, brain lesions, AMS
Biggest concern of Toxoplasmosis
pregnant women; spontaneous abortion; neuro problems in kids
Brucellosis - organism / how do people typically contract it?
Brucella / unpasteurized milk, farms, slaughterhouses
Brucellosis symptoms / Tx
Severe low back pain, persistent & intermittent fever, meningitis / Doxy