Animals are Gross

Question 1

Anthrax - organism (gram +/-?) / animal

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis (gram + aerobe) / domesticated herbivores - sheep, cattle, goats, pigs

Question 2

Is Anthrax contagious between individuals?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What are the 3 presentations of Anthrax & how is it contracted? / which form is most common? / most deadly?

Answer 3

Cutaneous - contact, Pulmonary - inhalation, GI - ingested / Cutaneous (95%) / Pulmonary

Question 4

What is the presentation of cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 4

Painless, necrotic black eschar surrounded by vesicles and erythema - “small sore that develops into a blister with black center”

Question 5

Presentation of pulmonary anthrax

Answer 5

CXR shows widened mediastinum; pleural effusions, infiltrates

Question 6

Dx for Anthrax / Tx for Anthrax

Answer 6

Gram stain or immunochemical testing / Cipro

Question 7

Leading cause of illness and death in tropics and subtropics (including TX and Mexico)

Answer 7

Dengue Fever

Question 8

Animal vector for Dengue Fever / infectious organism

Answer 8

Aedes mosquito bites / Flavivirus

Question 9

Characteristic sign of Dengue Fever / What can it lead to? / Who gets the worst case of it?

Answer 9

Bone breaking & Biphasic Fever / Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome / 2nd bite (from different strain of mosquito)

Question 10

Treatment of Dengue Fever?

Answer 10

Volume support; give blood products

Question 11

What is the prognosis for Dengue Fever?

Answer 11

Can be self-limiting (usually 1st bite) or fatal (usually 2nd bite) depending…..

Question 12

Organism that causes Cat Scratch Fever? / Animal? / Also called?

Answer 12

Bartonella Henselae / Kitten scratch or bite / Subacute regional lymphadenitis

Question 13

Presentation of Cat Scratch Fever? / Tx?

Answer 13

Initial: Papule at site of inoculation, then solitary or regional lymph adenopathy, (can be axillary or epi-trochlear), HA/fever/malaise / Usually self-limiting, if it disseminates use Erythromycin

Question 14

Tularemia - organism (gram +/-) / Animal

Answer 14

Francisella tularnsis (gram - rod) / Rabbits, deer, or via tick or deer fly

Question 15

Symptoms of Tularemia? / Treatment of Tularemia?

Answer 15

Papule at site of inoculation ulcerates & lymphadenopathy is present / Aminoglycoside, i.e. Streptomycin

Question 16

Used in bioterrorism?

Answer 16

Anthrax, Tularemia

Question 17

Plague - organism (gram + or -) / animal vector / famous disease it caused

Answer 17

Yersinia pestis (gram negative rod) / fleas / Bubonic or Black Plague

Question 18

Where might the plague be present in the US?

Answer 18

4 Corners, NV, CA

Question 19

2 Types of plague / symptoms:

Answer 19

Bubonic Plague - plague carrying bacteria enter lymph system & cause lymph nodes to swell –> Buboes / Pneumonic Plague - spreads from person to person, HA, hemoptysis, hematemesis

Question 20

Which type is contagious?

Answer 20

Pneumonic Plague (buboes are not contagious)

Question 21

2 more ways plague disseminates:

Answer 21

Septicemic plague (bacteria enters bloodstream through lymphatics), Meningeal Plague (bacteria crosses blood brain barrier)

Question 22

Treatment for Plague:

Answer 22

Aminoglycoside, i.e. Streptomycin or gentamicin

Question 23

What is the most common parasitic disease of humans / where is it endemic? / Mortality

Answer 23

Malaria / Tropics / 13% with tx

Question 24

Malaria - organism / animal vector

Answer 24

Plasmodium falciforum / Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 25

Appearance of classic malaria attack:

Answer 25

6-10 hours; cold stage (rigors), hot stage (fevers, vomiting), sweat stage (return to afebrile stage)

Question 26

If someone doesn't have a fever, they don't have malaria... t/f?

Answer 26

False - patients might appear well between febrile episodes

Question 27

Severe malaria can lead to:

Answer 27

organ failure, hemolytic anemia, resp distress, medical emergency

Question 28

Dx of malaria? / Tx

Answer 28

Giemsa-stained thin/thick blood smears - look for evidence of parasites / Chloroquine

Question 29

Toxoplasmosis - organism (type) / animal vector

Answer 29

Toxoplasma gondii (Obligate intracellular protozoan) / Cats (ingestion of undercooked meat, oocytes contaminated by cats)

Question 30

Re: Toxoplama gondii, 22% of the population __________________

Answer 30

Has antibodies to protect from it

Question 31

Primary infection with Toxoplasmosis / Secondary infection

Answer 31

Asymptomatic or mild mono-like illness / then latent infection which recurs in immunocompromised population --> encephalitis, brain lesions, AMS

Question 32

Biggest concern of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 32

pregnant women; spontaneous abortion; neuro problems in kids

Question 33

Brucellosis - organism / how do people typically contract it?

Answer 33

Brucella / unpasteurized milk, farms, slaughterhouses

Question 34

Brucellosis symptoms / Tx

Answer 34

Severe low back pain, persistent & intermittent fever, meningitis / Doxy