Infections / SIRS Flashcards
Usually if someone’s temperature goes up, their pulse ______________
Will go up
Most common infectious cause of fever is bacterial/viral?
Viral
Criteria for Fever of Unknown Origin
3 weeks in duration, fever of 38.3C on multiple occasions, no diagnosis after 3 outpatient visits or 3 days of hospitalization
Most FUOs are ______________ manifestations of ____________ diseases
unusual / common
4 categories of conditions that often cause FUOs
Infections, Neoplasms, Autoimmune disorders, Inflammatory causes
Workup for FUO:
BC, CXR, CT of chest, abd, pelvis
Difference btw Bacteremia and Septicemia:
Bacteremia - bacteria is in the blood; Septicemia - bacteria is replicating in the blood & causing a systemic infection
Typical causative agents of Bacteremia, Septicemia / Dx & Tx
Staph & Strep / BCx3 & remove source of bacteremia, use targeted abx
Signs of sepsis:
Fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, neutropenia, AMS
Nosocomial Infection means:
hospital-acquired infection
Prophylaxis is given to people with a history of:
Artificial heart valve, prior episode(s) of endocarditis, complex congenital heart defects and repairs
Endocardial infection results in:
Aggregation of platelets and fibrin that produce a vegetation (can cause heart valve to fail or break off and embolize)
Lesions characteristic of bacterial endocarditis?
Janeway Lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth Spots in Eyes, Splinter Hemorrhages
Tx for Bacterial Endocarditis:
IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone
Describe Janeway Lesions, Osler Nodes, Roth Spots, and Splinter Hemorrhages
JW=Painless erythematous lesions on palms & soles / ON=painful, purple raised lesions on fingers, toes, feet / RS=retinal hemorrhages with white centers / SH=red lineal streaks under nail bed
SIRS criteria for sepsis defines it as 2 or more of the following 5 symptoms:
Temp above 38C or below 36C, HR above 90, RR above 20, CO2 below 32mmHg, and abnormal WBC count
EGDT protocol for treating sepsis:
CVP of 8-12mmHg achieved by fluid resuscitation, mean arterial pressure of at least 65mmHg achieved by vasopressors, ScvO2 (pressure of oxygenated blood being returned to around 70%) by giving PRBCs or dobutamine, Urine output over 5cc/kg/hr
Amber-colored crust infection in kids / what agent causes it?
Impetigo / Strep
Superficial cellulitis of the face / what agent causes it?
Erisepelas / Strep
Agent that often causes Folliculitis?
Staph (found on skin)
Describe gas gangrene / causative agent? / prognosis?
Acute onset, intense pain, swollen wound that is pale and has foul smelling, brown, bloody / Clostridum / fatal if not treated
Streaking erythema, unilateral blistering, boggy infection site caused by Group A beta hemolytic Strep?
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Cellulitis is usually caused by? / risk factors
Staph (i.e. staph aureus) / diabetes, IV drug use
Osteomyelitis is most frequently caused by / which lab tests are raised?:
Staph aureus / ESR & CRP
Migratory polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, purulent monoarthritis
gonocolla arthritis
