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EMT > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Wheezing

A
  • lower airway sound
  • high pitches whistling sound
  • Narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles
  • Heard in asthma and many other respiratory diseases
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2
Q

Rhonchi

A
  • lower airway sounds
  • snoring or rattling noise
  • Obstruction of the larger airways, snot
  • Often heard in pneumonia
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3
Q

Crackles

A
  • Lower airway sounds
  • Aka rales
  • Bubbling or crackling sound
  • Fluid in the small bronchioles and alveoli
  • Heard in congestive heart failure (CHF)
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4
Q

Respiratory distress

A
  • A Pt who is having difficulty breathing, but has adequate tidal volume and RR
  • Can usually be treated (Rx) with a Non Rebreather (NRB) or Nasal cannula
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5
Q

Respiratory Failure

A
  • Pt’s tidal volume,RR, or respiratory status becomes inadequate.
  • Will often need to be Rx with BVM when RR becomes unstable <10 or <22.
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6
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A
  • Breathing effort ceases completely (apnea)
  • Can lead to cardiac arrest in minutes.
  • Respiratory comprise is a common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children.
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7
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath (SOB)

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8
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased O2 in the bloodstream

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9
Q

Hypoxia

A
  • Cells not receiving adequate O2

- Earliest sign is anxiety

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10
Q

Signs of Respiratory distress

A
  • complaining of SOB
  • Restless
  • Increased pulse rate
  • change in RR
  • skin changes, pale lack of perfusion, cyanotic lack of O2 in blood.
  • O2 sat <95%
  • ALOC
  • Unable to speak
  • TRIPOD position
  • AMU , ABDM breathing
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11
Q

Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

A
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Asthma
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12
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Chronic diseases that continue to progress
  • Reverses the Respiratory drive- drive dependent on decreased O2 levels
  • Pt may have a MDI. EMT’s may assist
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13
Q

Emphysema

A
  • Permanent destruction of the alveolar walls
  • Smoking is #1 cause
  • Destruction of surfactant that keeps lung tissue elastic
  • Dried out airways make exhalation difficult. Air trapping occurs.
  • Leads to expansion of the chest wall producing a barrel shaped appearance.
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14
Q

Emphysema S/Sx

A
  • Thin barreled chest
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Long exhalation periods
  • Pink complexion
  • “pink puffers”
  • wheezes, possibly, rhonchi
  • Tripod
  • Extreme SOB
  • Using O2
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15
Q

Emphysema Rx

A
  • Sit up in Fowler’s position
  • Supplemental O2- 15lpm via NRB
  • Assist with MDI
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16
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A
  • Primary effects the Bronchi and Bronchioles
  • A persistent productive cough lasting for 3 months in 2 consecutive years
  • Inflammation, swelling, and thickening of bronchial walls
  • Excessive mucus production
  • # 1 cause smoking
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17
Q

Chronic Bronchitis S/Sx

A
  • Overweight
  • Cyanotic complexion
  • “Blue Bloaters”
  • Vigorous productive cough
  • Rhonchi breath sounds
  • Frequent Respiratory infections
  • Accessory Muscle Use (AMU)
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18
Q

Chronic Bronchitis Rx

A
  • Sitting up, Fowler’s position
  • Supplemental O2 - 15lpm via NRB
  • Rapid Tx
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19
Q

Asthma

A
  • Increased sensitivity of the lower airways to irritants
  • Causes bronchospasms constriction of smooth muscles in the bronchioles
  • Edema- swelling of the inner lining of the airways
  • Increased mucus production
  • Reversible
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20
Q

Asthma EXTRINSIC

A

Allergic reaction cause by an outside allergen most common in children

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21
Q

Asthma INTRINSIC

A

Non-allergic reaction caused by infection, emotional or physical stress, more common in adults.

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22
Q

An asthma attack that cannot be broken by normal meds is considered?

A

Status Asthmaticus

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23
Q

Asthma S/Sx

A
  • Dyspnea/SOB
  • Non-productive cough
  • Wheezing
  • Increased RR-Tachypnea
  • Increased HR
  • Possible Sx allergic reaction
  • Anxiety/Restless
  • AMU
  • O2 sat 95%
24
Q

Severe asthma S/Sx

A
  • Fatigue/Exhaustion
  • Unable to speak
  • Cyanosis to the core of the body
  • HR >150
  • Absent breath sounds AKA “silent chest”
  • Diaphoresis-moist skins
  • confusion-ALOC
  • AMU
25
Q

Mild Asthma Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position-sitting up
  • Assist MDI( wheezing may become more pronounced after MDI use but that is a good thing)
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • Rapid Tx
26
Q

Acute asthma Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position-sitting up
  • Assist with positive pressure ventilations using BVM
  • Assist with MDI
  • Rapid Tx
27
Q

Pneumonia

A
  • Common cause of death in elderly
  • HIV Pt’s prone to pneumonia
  • Acute infection cause by bacterium or a virus
  • Affects lower airway
  • Lung inflammation
  • Fluid or puss filled alveolar sacks
  • Can also cause by inhalation of toxins or vomit
  • Leads to poor gas exchange
  • Hypoxia
28
Q

Pneumonia S/Sx

A
  • Malaise decreased appetite
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Dyspnea/SOB
  • Productive cough
  • Rhonchi /wheezes
  • Hypotension
  • AMU
29
Q

Pneumonia Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position-sitting up
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • Rapid Tx
30
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

-Obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries that leads to hypoxia

31
Q

Pt’s risk for pulmonary embolism (PE)

A
  • Bedridden for long periods
  • Heart disease
  • Recent surgery
  • BC pills
  • Long bone Fracture
  • Recent childbirth
  • Clotting disorders
  • smokers
32
Q

What happens during Pulmonary embolism ?

A
  • The embolism prevents blood from flowing to the lungs
  • interrupts gas exchange
  • Leads to hypoxia
  • Severity based on the size of embolism
33
Q

Pulmonary Embolism S/Sx

A
  • Sudden unexplained onset of SOB or sudden onset of pin point Chest Pain(CP)
  • Normal clear lung sounds
  • Cough-may cough up blood
  • cyanosis
  • anxiety
  • ALOC
  • AMU
  • O2 sat <95%
34
Q

Pulmonary Embolism Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • PPV with BVM as needed
  • Rapid Tx
35
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A
  • Excessive amounts of fluid collect between the alveoli and capillaries
  • Most common in PT’s with congestive heart failure (CHF)
  • Reduces surface area of contact between capillaries and alveoli reducing gas exchange.
36
Q

Pulmonary edema S/Sx

A
  • Dyspnea
  • pink frothy sputum
  • Difficulty breathing when lying down, orthopnea
  • Increased HR
  • Tripod Position
  • Crackles/Rales LS
  • swollen lower extremities
  • Anxiety
37
Q

Pulmonary edema Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position
  • feet dangling
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • PPV with BVM
  • Rapid Tx
38
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A
  • Sudden rupture of a portion of the visceral lining of the lung
  • Non traumatic
  • Males 5x more likely to have one
  • Tall, thin, and lanky 20-40 years old
  • COPD Pt’s likely
39
Q

What happens during a spontaneous pneumothorax ?

A
  • Air enters the plural cavity
  • Disrupts normal negative pressure
  • Allows lung to collapse
40
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax S/Sx

A
  • Sudden onset of SOB
  • Sharp Chest Pain or shoulder pain
  • Decreased or absent LS on one side
  • Increased HR
  • Cyanosis
  • AMU
  • Tracheal shift(Late sign)
  • Subcutaneous Emphysema
41
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • PPV with BVM
  • Rapid Tx
42
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome

A
  • “panic attacks”
  • Pt emotionally upset
  • Pt experience not be being able to catch their breath
  • Pt becomes more anxious
  • Pt begins to blow off excess amount of CO2
  • breaths becomes faster and deeper
43
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome S/Sx

A
  • Anxiety
  • Increased HR
  • Increased RR
  • Dizziness
  • AMU
  • Chest Pain
  • Cardal-pedal spasms
  • Numbness and tingling in the extremities, and mouth
44
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome Rx

A
  • Reassurance

- Calm them down

45
Q

Epiglottitis

A
  • Inflammation effecting the upper airway
  • Epiglottis and base of the tongue become inflamed
  • Airway can become partially or fully occluded
  • Leads to Respiratory compromise
46
Q

Epiglottitis S/Sx

A
  • Rapid SOB
  • High fever
  • Sore throat
  • unable to swallow/drooling
  • Anxiety
  • Trouble speaking
  • Tripod with jaw jutted out
47
Q

Epiglottitis Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • PPV via BVM
  • Rapid Tx
48
Q

Pertussis

A
  • Whooping Cough
  • Upper airway bacteria
  • Uncontrolled cough
  • Mostly children
  • Starts off as a cold
  • can lead to pneumonia
  • Ear infections
  • Death
  • 2 weeks after onset coughing episodes of 15-24
49
Q

Pertussis Rx

A
  • Fowler’s position
  • O2 15lpm via NRB
  • Rapid Tx
50
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

-Gradually increase and decrease in depth and rate with a period of apnea

  • Heartfailure
  • strokes
  • Traumatic brain injury
51
Q

Kussmaul

A
  • Abnormally slow and deep respirations

- Diabetic Ketoacidosis

52
Q

Liter flow for BVM

A

15

53
Q

Meds that are delivered thru Metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A
  • metaproterenol
  • isoetharine
  • albuterol
54
Q

Meds used for respiratory problems

A
  • alupent
  • tornalate
  • Serevent
55
Q

Side effect of prescribed inhalors

A

Tachycardia

56
Q

Per national registry MDI doses that an EMT can deliver is determined by?

A

Medical direction

57
Q

Bronchodilators can last up to how many hours?

A

8

EMT (26 decks)

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