Patient Assessment

Question 1

OPQRST

Answer 1

• Onset
• Provocation
• Quality
• 4 R’s (Region, Radiation, Reoccurrence, Relief)
• Severity
• Time

Question 2

AVPU

Answer 2

• Alert (Awake, eyes open, tracks you)
• Verbal
• Pain
• Unresponsive

Question 3

BRIM

Answer 3

• Breathing
• Response
• Eyes
• Motor

Question 4

SAMPLE

Answer 4

• Signs + Symptoms
• Allergies
• Medications
• Pertinent past history
• Last oral intake
• Events

Question 5

DCAP

Answer 5

• Deformities
• Contusions
• Abrasions
• Penetration

Question 6

Steps of SCENE SIZE UP

Answer 6

1. Take standard precautions
2. Ensure scene safety
3. Determine MOI/NOI
4. Number of patients
5. Additional resources?

Question 7

General Impression

Answer 7

• Estimate age
• Sex
• Trauma or Medical
• Chief Complaint
• Note life threats
• Establish in-line stabilization
• Sick/Not sick or Stable/Unstable

Question 8

Onset ([O]PQRST)

Answer 8

• When and how did the symptoms begin.

- Rapid or gradual

Question 9

Provocation (O[P]QRST)

Answer 9

• What were you doing when it started?

- What makes it better or worse?

Question 10

Quality (OP[Q]RST)

Answer 10

Please describe the pain or condition

Question 11

4 Rs (OPQ[R]ST)

Answer 11

• Region: Where?
• Radiation: Does it radiate?
• Reoccurrence: Constant or comes +goes?
• Relief: Have you done anything to relieve the pain?

Question 12

Severity (OPQR[S]T)

Answer 12

How bad is the pain on a scale of 0-10?

Question 13

Time (OPQRS[T])

Answer 13

• What time did it start?

- When did it get so bad that you called 911?

Question 14

Breathing ([B]RIM)

Answer 14

• General rate and rhythm

- Same as your ABC’s

Question 15

Response (B[R]IM)

Answer 15

• Oriented
• Confused
• Inappropriate words
• Incomprehensible words
• No response

Question 16

Eyes (BR[I]M)

Answer 16

Same as AVPU

Question 17

Motor (BRI[M])

Answer 17

• Obeys commands
• Localizes Pain
• Withdraws to pain
• Flexion
• Extension
• No response

Question 18

Signs + Symptoms ([S]AMPLE)

Answer 18

• OPQRST would be Symptoms

- Second assessment would Signs

Question 19

Allergies (S[A]MPLE)

Answer 19

• Drug or Food allergies

- If no known allergies document NKA (No Known Allergies)

Question 20

Medications (SA[M]PLE)

Answer 20

-Mostly concerned with prescribed meds.

Question 21

Pertinent part history (SAM[P]LE)

Answer 21

-Are they under a doctor’s care for any illnesses?

Question 22

Last oral intake (SAMP[L]E)

Answer 22

-This matter for diabetic, surgery etc.

Question 23

Events (SAMPL[E])

Answer 23

• Events leading to this situation

- Good time to re-evaluate assesment findings

Question 24

Pulse

Answer 24

-count pulse for 15 sec then x4 or 30 sec x2

-Note:
•Rate
•Rythm (regular/irregular)
•Quality (strong/weak)

Question 25

Respirations

Answer 25

- Same as pulse | - 94% and below requires oxygen

Question 26

Blood Pressure

Answer 26

``` -Systolic •Top number •Pressure while heart beats -Diastolic •Bottom number •Pressure while heart rests ```

Question 27

Eyes

Answer 27

-Check pupil response | -PERL Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light

Question 28

Lung sounds

Answer 28

-Listen at 3rd intercostal space, mid axillary line

Question 29

Level Consciousness

Answer 29

``` -Patient Orientation •Person •Place •Time •Event ```

Question 30

Skin

Answer 30

-Check skin pigmentation (It will NEVER LIE TO YOU)

Question 31

Treatment

Answer 31

- Position of Comfort - 02 it needed - Treat based on Assessment - Follow local protocols and scope of practice

Question 32

Reassessment

Answer 32

- Primary Assessment - Secondary Assessment - Vital Signs

Question 33

Medical Patient

Answer 33

- Focused secondary if patient is able to explain symptoms | - Rapid head to toe for any unconscious or disoriented patient

Question 34

Trauma Patient

Answer 34

- Perform a modified secondary for any stable patient with minor trauma - Perform a rapid secondary assessment

Question 35

5 parts of Patient Assessment

Answer 35

1. Scene size up/ Primary Assessment 2. OPQRST/ BRIM-AVPU 3. Vital Signs 4. Secondary Assessment/ History Meds, Allergies 5. Treatment (Rx)/ Reassessment

Question 36

BTLS

Answer 36

- Burns - Tenderness - Lacerations - Swelling/scars

Question 37

MOI

Answer 37

Mechanism Of Injury

Question 38

NOI

Answer 38

Nature Of Illness

Question 39

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 39

Top number, which is the amount of pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction and ejection of blood from the left ventricle.

Question 40

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 40

Bottom number, which is the amount of pressure on the artery walls while the ventricle is at rest and not contracting.