Ch.30 Musculoskeletal Injuries

Question 1

Three types of muscles

Answer 1

• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Question 2

Voluntary muscle

Answer 2

• Under conscious control

* Attached to bones by tendons

Question 3

Involuntary Muscles

Answer 3

• Not under conscious control

* Internal organs

Question 4

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 4

• Involuntary

* Able to self start

Question 5

Tendons

Answer 5

Connect muscle to bone

Question 6

Ligaments

Answer 6

Connect bone to bone

Question 7

Skeletal system

Answer 7

• Provides shape and protective functions
• Allows movement by way of joints
• Commonly injured due to traumatic forces

Question 8

Skeletal system components

Answer 8

• Skull
• Spinal column
• Thorax
• Pelvis
• Lower extremities

Question 9

5 P’s

Answer 9

• Pain
• Pulselessness
• Paralysis
• Paraesthesia
• Pallor

Question 10

Fractures forces

Answer 10

• Direct
• Indirect
• Twisting
• Muscle Contraction
• Fatigue
• Pathological

Question 11

Sprain

Answer 11

Ligament stretched or torn beyond normal range of motion

Question 12

Sprain S/Sx

Answer 12

• Pain
• Swelling
• Discolored
• Decrease movement

Question 13

Strain

Answer 13

Stretch/Mild tearing of muscle or stretching of tendon

Question 14

Strain S/Sx

Answer 14

• Little to no deformity
• Spasm
• Weakness, loss of function

Question 15

Dislocation S/Sx

Answer 15

• Displacement of bone end from joint
• Ligaments stretched or torn
• Severe Pain due to nerve trauma
• Stiffness
• Loss of motion
• Obvious deformity
• Numbness
• May decrease blood supply

Question 16

Critical fractures

Answer 16

• Femur fractures

- Pelvic fractures

Question 17

Osteoporosis can cause

Answer 17

Pathological fracture

Question 18

If Pt is unresponsive you should conduct

Answer 18

Rapid trauma assessment

Question 19

If the pt is otherwise stable you should conduct

Answer 19

Focused physical Exam

Question 20

Definitive determination of a fracture is done by?

Answer 20

X-Ray

Question 21

Splint

Answer 21

Any device used to immobilize a body part is called a splint, and it can be soft or rigid.

Question 22

Both femur and pelvic fractures could result as much _____ml of blood

Answer 22

2000ml of blood loss

Question 23

Assessment

Answer 23

• Ensure you’ve taken BSI precautions
• Ascertain the MOI
• Evaluate need for additional resources
• rapidly assess mental status and ABC

Question 24

Splinting bones

Answer 24

Immobilize the joint above and below the bone

Question 25

Splinting joints

Answer 25

Immobilize the bone above and below the joint

Question 26

PMS

Answer 26

- Pulse - Movement - Sensation

Question 27

Sager traction

Answer 27

- Unipolar | - asses distal PMS function, and adjust the splint to about 4” longer than the heel

Question 28

Fixed splint

Answer 28

For humerus injury

Question 29

Air splint

Answer 29

- Non malleable | - Straight extremity trauma

Question 30

PASG

Answer 30

(Pneumatic Anti-Shock Trouser) Using the PASG for a suspected pelvic injury

Question 31

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 31

-Compilation from extremity trauma | •Results from pressure building up in the tissues from Edema or bleeding into the muscle

Question 32

Frontal impact vehicle collisions patterns

Answer 32

``` -Up and over •Abdomen,chest,Head,Neck •Starring of the windshield can mean head injuries -Down and Under •Knees, Femurs, Pelvis, Spine ```

Question 33

Rear Impact collisions can result in ?

Answer 33

Whiplash That can lead to neck injuries

Question 34

Rollover Crashes can result in?

Answer 34

- Multi system trauma common - Ejection common - Crush injury common

Question 35

Extent of injury in car collisions depends on?

Answer 35

How fast the vehicle is going

Question 36

Trauma centers are designed to provide?

Answer 36

Immediate surgical intervention for Pt’s with internal trauma

Question 37

SD trauma centers

Answer 37

- Palomar - Sharp memorial - Scripps mercy hospital - UCSD hillcrest - Scripps memorial La Jolla - Childrens

Question 38

Fracture S/Sx

Answer 38

- Pain - Tenderness - Deformity - Discoloration - Paresthesia below fracture - Anesthesia below fracture - Paresis - paralysis - inability to move extremity - Circulatory issues

Question 39

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 39

A fracture in which the bone is broken, splintered or crushed in several places

Question 40

Impacted fracture

Answer 40

- Bone ends driven into each other | - Commonly seen in arm fractures in children

Question 41

Greenstick fracture

Answer 41

- Bone ends and cracks, instead of breaking into separate pieces.incomplete fracture - Commonly seen in children

Question 42

Oblique Fracture

Answer 42

Bone breaks diagonally

Question 43

Spiral fracture

Answer 43

- Caused by a twisting force | - Also called a torsion Fracture

Question 44

Transverse Fracture

Answer 44

Break straight across the bone

Question 45

Osteoporosis

Answer 45

- Degenerative bone disorder associated with loss of minerals from the bone - Considered pathological (Disease process) - Maybe a Fracture cause the fall instead of the opposite?

Question 46

Dislocation

Answer 46

- Displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint | - Obvious deformity and Swelling

Question 47

Types of splints

Answer 47

- Rigid splints - Traction splints - Vacuum splints - Sling and swathe - Spine board