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EMT > Chapter 7- Anatomy, Physiology, And Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Anatomy, Physiology, And Medical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy vs. Physiology

A
  • Anatomy is how the body is made

- Physiology is how the body works

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2
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • Standing Erect
  • Facing forward
  • Arms at side
  • Palms forward
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3
Q

Supine

A

The patient is lying face up on his back

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4
Q

Prone

A

Patient is lying face down on his stomach

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5
Q

Lateral recumbent position

A

Aka recovery position, patient is lying on his left or right side.

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6
Q

Fowler’s position

A

Patient is lying on his back with his or her upper body elevated at a 45 to 65 degree angle.

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7
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

Patient is lying on his or her back with the upper body elevated at an angle less than 45 degree angle.

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8
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left segments.

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9
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Divides body into two EQUAL halves.

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10
Q

Frontal plane or Coronal plane

A

Divides body into front and back halves.

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11
Q

Transverse plane or Horizontal plane

A

Parallel with the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves. Also called the Axial plane

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12
Q

Midaxillary line

A

The VERTICAL LINE that divides the body front and back.

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13
Q

Transverse line

A

An imaginary line thru a patients waste.

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14
Q

Anterior

A

Patients front

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15
Q

Posterior

A

Is the patients back

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16
Q

Dorsal

A

TOWARDS the back or backbone(spine)

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17
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front or belly

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18
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline or center of the body

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline or right or left of the midline.

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20
Q

Bilateral

A

Refers to BOTH sides left and right

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21
Q

Midclavicular

A

Refers to the center of each of the collarbones.

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22
Q

Midaxillary

A

Refers to the center of the armpit.

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23
Q

Plantar

A

Refers to the sole of the foot.

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24
Q

Palmar

A

Refers to the palm of the hand.

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25
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A

Abdomen divided in four parts :

  • Right upper quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Left upper quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
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26
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Consists of a bones held together by ligaments and tendons.

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27
Q

Skeletal system’s four functions

A
  • Giving the body it’s shape
  • Protects vital internal organs
  • Allow for movement
  • Stores minerals and produce blood cells
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28
Q

Cranium

A

Forms the top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead.

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29
Q

The face has how many bones?

A

14 bones

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30
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw is the only bone in the face that is moveable.

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31
Q

How many vertebrae do humans have?

A

33

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32
Q

Name spinal columns in order

A
  • Cervical (7)
  • Thoracic (12)
  • Lumbar (5)
  • Sacrum (5)
  • Coccyx (4)
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33
Q

What makes up the cranium?

A
  • Occipital
  • 2 Parietal
  • 2 Temporal
  • Frontal
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34
Q

Orbits

A

Eye sockets

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35
Q

Zygomatic

A

Cheekbones

36
Q

Maxilla

A

Fused bones of the upper jaw

37
Q

Nasal bones

A

Bed of the Nose

38
Q

How many pairs of Ribs do humans have?

A

12 pairs

39
Q

How many of the ribs are considered “true ribs”?

A

7 pairs

40
Q

Upper airways consists of?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
  • Larynx
41
Q

Lower airways consists of?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchus
  • Bronchiole
  • Alveoles
42
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

A tiny space with NEGATIVE pressure that allows the lungs to stay inflated with air.

43
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

One way valve between right atrium and right ventricle.

44
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

One way valve between right ventricle to pulmonary artery that leads to the lungs.

45
Q

Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve)

A

One way valve between Left atrium and left ventricle.

46
Q

Aortic valve

A

One way valve between left ventricle and the aortic artery that eventually pumps the blood throughout the body.

47
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carry oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs, where it then gets oxygenated and return to the heart and gets pumped throughout the body. The only artery that carries oxygenated-depleted blood.

48
Q

Pulmonary VEINS

A

Carry oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium from the lungs.

49
Q

Central nervous system consists of?

A

Brain and spine

50
Q

Cerebrum

A

Controls specific body functions such as Sensation, thought, Speech, and Associative memory. Also it initiates and manages motions that are under the conscious control of an individual.

51
Q

Cerebellum

A

Aka “small brain”, it coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance through the impulses from the eyes and ears. It can hold muscles in a state of partial contraction.

52
Q

Brainstem

A

Contains the Mesencephalon, Pons, and the Medulla Oblongata.

53
Q

Brainstem contains the Medulla Oblongata which controls what?

A
  • Respiratory center- controls the rate and depth of respiration.
  • Cardiac center- responsible for regulating the heart rate and force of contraction of the ventricles.
  • Vasomotor center- produces dilation and constriction of blood vessels.
54
Q

Endocrine system

A

Made up of ductless glands, body’s regulators. Secretions from these ductless glands are called HORMONES.

55
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin, composed of four layers of cells. Also contains the skin’s pigmentation-the MELANIN- is in the deepest layers of the epidermis.

56
Q

Dermis

A

The second layer of the skin, much thicker than the epidermis. Contains vast network of blood vessels that supply the skin as well as the hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves. Also gives the skin it’s elasticity and strength.

57
Q

Right upper quadrant

A
  • Liver (majority)
  • Right kidney
  • pancreas (small portion)
  • Gallbladder
  • Small intestines
58
Q

Left upper quadrant

A
  • Liver (small portion)
  • spleen
  • Left kidney
  • stomach
  • colon
  • Pancreas (majority)
  • small intestines
59
Q

Right lower quadrant

A
  • colon
  • small intestines
  • Right ureter
  • appendix
  • Right ovary (female)
  • Right Fallopian tube (female)
60
Q

Left lower quadrant

A
  • colon
  • small intestines
  • Left ureter
  • left ovary (female)
  • Left Fallopian tube (female)
61
Q

Pharynx

A

Comprised of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

62
Q

Larynx

A

Makes up the anterior portion of the throat and extends from the laryngopharynx to the trachea.

63
Q

Trachea

A

Commonly referred to as the windpipe, it’s attached to the distal end of the larynx and descends downward to about the level of the fifth thoracic vertebrae.

64
Q

Vocal cords

A

Contained in the larynx, this allows u to speak.

65
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Aka the adam’s apple, is the large prominent anterior cartilage of the larynx.

66
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Most inferior cartilage, and is the only cartilage that form a complete circumferential ring that connects with the trachea.

67
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing, and sneezing. Motor and sensory neurons from the midbrain and forebrain travel through the medulla.

68
Q

Bronchi

A

Distal portion of the trachea that branches into two main tubes, one branching off to each lung.

69
Q

Bronchioles

A

The smaller branches of the bronchus that are lined with smooth muscle that can constrict and dilate to certain stimuli.

70
Q

Visceral pleura

A

A thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs.

71
Q

Parietal pleura

A

A thicker more elastic tissue that covers the internal chest wall.

72
Q

Aorta

A

The major artery from the heart, it supplies all other arteries with blood.

73
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Enters the the top right atrium , carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body.

74
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Enters the bottom of the right atrium, carrying oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body.

75
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Artery on the foot, it can be felt on top of the surface of the big toe.

76
Q

Integumentary system

A

The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails.

77
Q

Urinary system

A

The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.

78
Q

Spleen

A

It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

79
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile

80
Q

Liver

A

Solid organ in the right upper quadrant that does extend partially into the left quadrant and lies beneath the diaphragm. Is responsible for bile production and stores sugar until it’s needed.

81
Q

Kidney

A

They help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood before sending it back to the heart.

82
Q

Ureters

A

is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. There are two ureters, one attached to each kidney.

83
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin

84
Q

Stomach

A

Hollow organ found in the left and right upper quadrants and is the MAIN digestive system.

85
Q

Veins

A

Carries blood back to the heart

86
Q

Venules

A

Smallest branch of veins that are connected to capillaries and transport blood to the veins.

EMT (26 decks)

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