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EMT > Ch.18- Stroke & Ch.19-seizures > Flashcards

Ch.18- Stroke & Ch.19-seizures Flashcards

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1
Q

Stroke Pt’s must be delivered where and must be transported withing how many hours from the time it started?

A

-transported to an ER with a CT scanner within 3 hours per (NR) & 6 hours within (SD County)

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2
Q

Stroke also known as?

A

Cerebrovascular incident (CVA)

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3
Q

Stroke pathology

A
  • Inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain due blood clots or hemorrhaging.
  • If the stroke is in the right side of the brain, you will see the Symptoms on the left side of the body, and vice versa.
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4
Q

Ischemic stroke

A
  • when a cerebral artery is blocked
  • Thrombus (clot) forms in artery and is the most common.
  • Embolus is clot that traveled from another part of the body and lodges in cerebral artery, faster onset.
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5
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A
  • Rupture of an artery or a burst aneurysm
  • Usually very sudden onset
  • described as “Worst headache ever”
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6
Q

TIA

A
  • Transient ischemic attack
  • same S/Sx as CVA
  • Symptoms resolve usually 1-2 hours
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7
Q

Difference between CVA vs. TIA

A

CVA:

  • Symptoms do not resolve
  • Symptoms worsen

TIA:

  • Symptoms resolve
  • Symptoms will not worsen
  • Resolve under 24hours, usually 1-2hours
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8
Q

What do we test for Cincinnati Stroke Scale?

A
  • Slurred speech
  • facial droop
  • arm drift
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9
Q

Stroke S/Sx

A

-slurred speech/difficulty speaking
-facial droop
-paralysis or weakness to one side of the body,
Same side as droop
-Headache

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10
Q

What is the most important question to ask if pt is suspected of having a stroke?

A
  • When was the last time this person was last seen NORMAL?

- Make sure to use actual time!!

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11
Q

Rx for stroke

A
  • monitor ABCs
  • be prepared for suction
  • if O2 sat is less than 94% or ABC issue give O2
  • Check blood sugar level
  • (POC) Position of comfort
  • Rapid transport to stroke center
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12
Q

What is a seizure?

A

A sudden temporary alteration in brain function caused by massive, continuing electrical discharges in the brain.

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13
Q

Primary/Unprovoked seizure

A
  • Genetic in nature
  • Epilepsy
  • generalized seizure (whole brain)
  • partial seizure (part of the brain)
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14
Q

Secondary/Provoked seizure

A
  • Reactive/symptomatic

- Usually a trauma or an outside forced caused for this seizure to happen.

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15
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

-Generalized seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without lucid interval

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16
Q

Generalized seizure

A

-Formerly known as Grand Mal seizures
-Has 4 stages
•Aura- what the person feel when they’re about to have a seizure
•Tonic- stiffening of the muscles
•Clonic- Vulsating
•Postictal state- recovery phase

17
Q

Absence seizure

A
  • Petite Mal
  • Blank stare, unaware of surroundings
  • Last a few seconds
18
Q

Febrile Seizure

A

-Caused by high fever
•Rapid spike of fever
-Usually only happen in kids 6 months to 6 years old

19
Q

Simple Partial Seizures

A
  • Seizure to just one part of the body
  • Patient generally stays awake
  • Be CAUTIOUS, this can be spread into a generalized seizure
20
Q

Complex partial seizure

A

-Same as a simple partial, but the pt is not aware of their surroundings.

21
Q

What should you do if Pt is having a seizure?

A
  • Protect Pt and let the seizure happen

- O2 is not needed unless pt has been seizing for more than 5min or turning cyanotic

22
Q

What should you do during postictal state?

A
  • ABCs/O2

- Use caution

23
Q

Rx for Seizures

A
  • Ensure airway
  • Let it happen
  • prevent injury to pt
  • Make sure nothing is in their mouth that can block airway
24
Q

Rx for status epilepticus

A

-NPA- BVM

25
Q

Syncope

A
  • Fainting/ sudden and temporary loss of consciousness
  • Generally from standing position
  • Pt becomes responsive immediately after becoming supine
26
Q

What are the gathered information of Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen (LAPSS)

A

1) age greater than 45yrs old
2) history of seizures or epilepsy
3) duration of Symptoms
4) bedridden or wheelchair status of pt
5) blood glucose level

27
Q

Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen

A

-takes into consideration other possible causes Of ALOC such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or Seizures, and requires a physical test of asymmetry (unequal amount) of strength

28
Q

LAPSS asymmetry Of strength is Assessed by?

A

Testing the smile or grimace, grip , and arm strength of pt.

29
Q

Hemiparesis

A

muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body

30
Q

5 Patient rights

A
  • Right pt
  • Right drug
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time

EMT (26 decks)

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