Allergic Reaction Emergency Flashcards

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1
Q

Anaphylactic Reaction

A
  • Systemic/local reaction can be quick
  • Swelling of Upper/lower airway can close
  • Constriction of the bronchioles
  • Capillaries leak
  • Systemic vessel dilation and BP drops
  • Increased production of mucus
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2
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign substances that enter the body and can set off the cells of the immune system to destroy them.

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3
Q

Allergen

A

Type of antigens

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4
Q

What do the immune system make to destroy antigens?

A

Anti-bodies

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5
Q

Allergens are harmless but can sometimes set off ______

A

An Alllergic Reaction

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6
Q

Allergic Reaction

A
  • A misdirected and Excessive response by the immune system. Immune system over estimates the danger of allergen and can cause mild discomfort, runny nose, itchiness, watery eyes
  • Occasionally a life threatening immune response occurs and that’s an anaphylactic reaction
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7
Q

Anaphylactic Reaction

A
  • Aka: Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic Shock
  • Entire body is affected by the immune response
  • Airway closes, swelling and Increased mucus
  • BP drops, vessel dilation and capillary leaking
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8
Q

Sensitization

A

The process of developing hypersensitivity on the first exposure

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9
Q

When does hypersensitivity develop?

A

When the person is exposed again and antibodies are present there may be a reaction

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10
Q

What 2 types of cells in the body does antibodies attach themselves to?

A
  • Mast-located around heart, lungs, & vessels

- Basophils- immature meat cells that circulate in the blood

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11
Q

As long as these antibodies that attached themselves to the mast & basophils the PT is?

A

Sensitized

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12
Q

Histamine is a chemical mediator that causes?

A
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased capillary leakage
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13
Q

What causes a hyper-release of histamine?

A

-when antigen comes back and attaches to the antibody which causes mast cells membranes to breakdown which then causes a hyper release of histamine

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14
Q

Local or mild reactions

A
  • Allergic reaction
  • Isolated to 1 or 2 areas of the body
  • Usually no hypotension seen
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15
Q

Systemic or acute reactions

A
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Complete body involved
  • Usually hypotension is seen
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16
Q

Sx of allergic reaction (skin)

A
  • warm/tingling feeling (mild)
  • itching (mild)
  • Hives/Flushed skins (moderate)
  • Swelling to the face (moderate)
  • Cyanosis (Acute)
17
Q

Sx of allergic reaction (respiratory system)

A
  • “lump throat” (moderate)
  • High pitched cough (moderate)
  • coughed up mucus (moderate)
  • partially/completely occluded airway (acute)
  • tightness in chest (acute)
  • Tachypnea/labored breathing (acute)
  • Abnormal LS (acute)
18
Q

Sx of allergic reaction (cardiovascular system)

A
  • Tachycardia (moderate)
  • Hypotension (acute)
  • Irregular pulse (acute)
  • Absent radial pulse (Acute)
19
Q

Sx allergic reaction (central nervous system)

A
  • Anxiety (mild)
  • HA (moderate)
  • ALOC (Acute)
  • seizure (acute)
20
Q

Sx of AR (Genitourinary system)

A
  • urgent need to urinate (mild)

- Cramping of uterus (moderate)

21
Q

Sx AR (Generalized)

A
  • Itchy watery eyes (mild)
  • Runny/stuffy nose (mild)
  • “not feeling well” (moderate)
  • Weakness/discomfort (moderate)
  • impending doom (acute)
22
Q

Rx Allergic Reaction (AR)

A
  • ABC’s
  • Suspected Anaphylaxis call ALS
  • Remove stinger PRN
  • Assist with Epipen
23
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • Drug of choice for Anaphylaxis
  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Bronchodilator opens the airway making it easier to breath, hopefully