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EMT > Abdominal Emergencies > Flashcards

Abdominal Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Solid organs

A

Vascular (contains many vessels and a large amount of blood)

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2
Q

Hollow organs

A

Contain some type of substance (poop) that might leak into the abdominal cavity if the organ is perforated or injured.

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3
Q

Mechanisms of Abdominal pain

A
  • Mechanical forces (stretching)
  • Inflammation
  • Ischemia (organ/tissue hypoxia)
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4
Q

Visceral pain

A
  • The organ itself is involved

- Organs do not have large amount of nerves so it’s hard to pin point pain

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5
Q

Parietal Pain (somatic)

A
  • Inflammation of the lining of the ABDM cavity (peritoneum)

- More intense

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6
Q

Referred Pain

A
  • Visceral Pain felt elsewhere

- Organ shares a nerve pathway with skin

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7
Q

Peritonitis

A
  • Inflammation of the peritoneum, lining of the ABDM cavity
  • Blood, pus, Bacteria, or chemical substances leak into ABDM cavity
  • Effects depends on type of amount of irritant
  • Type/Degree of Pain does not indicate severity of the problem
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8
Q

Peritonitis S/Sx

A
  • ABDM Pain/tenderness
  • N/V
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever/chills
  • Lack of appetite
  • ABDM distention
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9
Q

Appendicitis

A
  • Inflammation of the appendix
  • Usually caused by a blockage
  • Untreated the tissue can die and rupture
  • Needs surgery
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10
Q

Appendicitis S/Sx

A
  • ABDM Pain/cramping can be dull/ diffuse around the navel to start
  • Later will be localized to the RLQ
  • N/V
  • Fever/chills
  • Lack of appetite
  • ABDM guarding
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11
Q

Pancreatitis

A
  • Inflammation of the pancreas
  • Severe Pain in the middle of the upper quadrants (epigastric area)
  • Some possible light radiation to the back
  • Caused by alcohol, gallstones, infections
  • Can lead to sepsis, bleeding, tissue death, & sugar regulation issues.
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12
Q

Pancreatitis S/Sx

A
  • ABDM Pain
  • N/V
  • ABDM distention
  • Mild jaundice, depending on the cause
  • Severe ABDM Pain radiating from navel to back and shoulders
  • Fever rapid pulse Sx of shock
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13
Q

Cholecystitis

A
  • Inflammation of the gallbladder
  • presence of gallstones
  • more common in women age 30-50
  • Stones can block the opening of the gallbladder to the small intestine
  • Need hospitalization possible removal of gallbladder
  • Can lead to tissue death & pancreatitis
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14
Q

Cholecystitis S/Sx

A
  • Sudden onset of ABDM Pain middle of upper quadrants to RUQ
  • More common at night associated with digestion of fatty foods
  • Referred Pain R scapula
  • Tenderness on palpation of RUQ
  • Burps & Heartburn
  • N/V May be greenish
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15
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding

A
  • Can be upper or lower
  • Upper caused by ulcers, and varices
  • Upper more common in men
  • Lower caused frequently by diverticulosis
  • Lower more common in women
  • GI bleeding effects people 40-70
  • Most death occur after 60
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16
Q

GI bleeding S/Sx

A
  • ABDM Pain/tenderness
  • (Hematemesis) vomiting blood can be bright red or look like coffee grounds
  • (Hematochezia) bright red blood in the stool
  • (Melena) dark tarry stools
  • ALOC
  • Tachycardia
  • Sx of shock
17
Q

Esophageal Varices

A
  • Bulging and weakening of the blood vessels in the lower part of the esophagus
  • Heavy alcohol drinkers
  • Pt’s with liver disease
  • Increased venous pressure
  • Usually painless
18
Q

Esophageal Varices S/Sx

A
  • Large amounts of bright red blood in the vomit (Be ready to suction)
  • No ABDM Pain
  • Rapid pulse
  • SOB
  • Pale, cool, clammy skin
  • Sx of shock
  • Possible jaundice
19
Q

Gastroenteritis

A
  • Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
  • Result of an infection
  • Normally cause by viruses or bacteria
  • Can lead to dehydration, hemorrhage, blood in stool and vomit
20
Q

Gastroenteritis S/Sx

A
  • ABDM Pain/cramping
  • N/V
  • Diarrhea
  • Tenderness
  • Fever/Dehydration
  • Sx of shock with hemorrhage
21
Q

Ulcers

A
  • Open wounds or sores in the digestive tract
  • Usually in the stomach or the beginning of the small intestine
  • Breakdown the lining of the stomach or intestine leads to bleeding
22
Q

Ulcers S/Sx

A
  • Sudden onset of ABDM Pain
  • LUQ and epigastric area, described as burning
  • N/V
  • Blood in poop/ vomit
  • Sx of shock
  • Rigid ABDM
23
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

A
  • weakened, Balloon area of the ABDM aorta
  • same causes and Sx as aortic aneurysm just located lower in the ABDM
  • The EMT May not be able to tell the difference
  • Must get to surgery
  • Tx is position of comfort
24
Q

AAA S/Sx

A
  • Gradual onset of lower lumbar, groin, ABDM Pain, acute pain with rupture
  • Radiating “tearing” pain to go back
  • Pale cool, clammy skin Sx of shock
  • Possible Cyanosis below rupture site
  • Unequal BPs and pulses
  • Late Sx pulsating mass

EMT (26 decks)

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