Chapter 10- Airway Management

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

Ventilation or breathing, the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

Gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the surrounding pulmonary capillaries. Also referred to as alveoli/ capillary gas exchange, serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate CO2 in the lungs.

Question 3

Internal respiration

Answer 3

AKA cell/capillary gas exchange, is responsible for delivering oxygen to the cells and removing CO2 from the cell. Gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the systemic capillaries.

Question 4

Cellular respiration and metabolism

Answer 4

AKA aerobic metabolism, occurs in the cell. Process breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, produces high amounts of energy in the form of ATP, and releases CO2 and water as a by-product.

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

Throat

Question 6

Carina

Answer 6

The end of the trachea where the right and left main stem bronchi starts.

Question 7

Serous fluid

Answer 7

Acts as lubricant to reduce friction when the layers of the pleura rub against each other during breathing.

Question 8

Diaphragm

Answer 8

• muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
• Major muscle used in breathing.
• Responsible for approximately 60-70 percent of the effort of ventilation.

Question 9

Ventilation

Answer 9

The passage of air into and out of the lungs.

Question 10

Chemoreceptors

Answer 10

Continuously monitor levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration) in the arterial blood and stimulate an increase or decrease in the impulses from the respiratory rhythm centers to control the rate and depth of ventilation.

Question 11

Hypoxemia

Answer 11

Low oxygen content in arterial blood.

Question 12

Hypoxia

Answer 12

Refers to an inadequacy in the amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells.

Question 13

Signs of mild to moderate hypoxia

Answer 13

• Tachypnea
• Dyspnea
• Pale,cool,clammy skin (early)
• Tachycardia (increase in heart rate)
• Elevation in BP
• Restlessness and agitation
• Disorientation and confusion (from high carbon dioxide levels in the blood)
• Headache

Question 14

Signs of severe hypoxia

Answer 14

• cyanosis
• severe confusion
• Loss of coordination
• sleepy appearance
• Head bobbing
• Slow reaction time
• altered mental status
• seizure
• slow & irregular HR

Question 15

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

Answer 15

The process of forcing air into a patient’s lungs, also called artificial ventilation.

Question 16

Hemoglobin

Answer 16

Found in the cytoplasm of red blood cells, is responsible for picking up most oxygen in the blood, approximately 97 percent, and carrying it through the arterial system to the capillaries throughout the body. protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues

Question 17

An Open airway

Answer 17

Patent airway

Question 18

Snoring

Answer 18

Occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue or by relaxed tissues in the pharynx.

Question 19

Crowing

Answer 19

Is a sound like a crow cawing that occurs when the muscles around the larynx spasm and narrow the opening into the trachea.

Question 20

Gurgling

Answer 20

A sound like gargling, usually indicates the presence of blood, vomitus, secretions, or other liquid in the airway.

Question 21

Stridor

Answer 21

Is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration.

Question 22

Tidal volume

Answer 22

Is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one respiration.

Question 23

Minute volume

Answer 23

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute.

Question 24

Esophagus

Answer 24

Tube to the stomach

Question 25

Jaw thrust maneuver

Answer 25

For trauma PT

Question 26

Hard/Rigid catheters (Yankaur)

Answer 26

• AKA tonsil tip
• used for suctioning of the mouth and oropharynx
• Only inserted as far as you can see, usually the base of the tongue
• Measure from the corner of the mouth to the top of the ear

Question 27

Soft catheters

Answer 27

-AKA French
-used for the nose and nasopharynx
-measure from the tip of the nose
To the top of the ear

Question 28

Bag Valve Mask (BVM)

Answer 28

-Can be used without supplemental O2, but far more effective with O2 21% VS 100%

Question 29

O2 cylinders

Answer 29

• D tanks- 350 liters
• H tanks- 6900 liters
• All tanks are pressurized to 2000psi

Question 30

Nasal Cannula

Answer 30

• Delivers 24-44% O2

- Flow meter set at 2-6lpm

Question 31

Non Rebreather Mask (NRB)

Answer 31

-For pt in respiratory distress and in need of high concentration of O2

• Delivers 90% O2
• Flow meter set from 10-15lpm

Question 32

Inhalation or inspiration

Answer 32

The process of breathing air in

Question 33

Exhalation or expiration

Answer 33

Process of breathing air out

Question 34

Intercostal muscles

Answer 34

Muscles between the ribs