Respiratory Distress

Question 1

What is presenting symptom you see in Respiratory Distress?

Answer 1

Cyanosis and Rib Retraction

Question 2

In NRDS, what is the cause?

Answer 2

Surfactant deficiency

Question 3

Surfactant deficiency will lead to?

Answer 3

Increased surface tension and alveolar collapse

Question 4

LS ratio

Answer 4

x=1.5

=> predictive of NRDS

Question 5

Persistent Low O2 can lead to?

Answer 5

Persistent PDA

Question 6

If Reperfusion of O2 is given, what are 3 things that can happen? Think the RIBs of NRDS

Answer 6

Retinopathy of prematurity,

Intraventricular hemorrhage, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RIB)

Question 7

What are 3 causes of NRDS? Why do they cause NRDS?

Answer 7

1. Prematurity=> no surfactant
2. Maternal DM=> Surfactant inhibited
3. C section=>no stress on kid so no surfactant

Question 8

CXR for NRDS?

Answer 8

Diffuse granularity

Exam: “Reticulogranular Pattern that has a “ground glass” pattern”

Question 9

NRDS Tx?

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids

Question 10

Cause of ARDS?

Answer 10

Diffuse alveolar air sac damage by neutrophils

Question 11

Explain the progression of ARDS

Answer 11

Damage to Alveoli air sacs by neutrophils=> protease and free radical damage on type 1 and 2 pneumocytes=> protein rich fluid leaking=>hyaline membrane

Question 12

The protein rich fluid leaking into the air sacs leads to?

Answer 12

Pulmonary Edema

Question 13

What is the consequence of the diffuse alveolar damage?

Answer 13

1. decreased exchange of gases

2. collapse of the lung

Question 14

Tx for ARDS?

Answer 14

PEEP=>stabilize collapsed lung

Question 15

Recovery of ARDS will lead to?

Answer 15

Interstitial Fibrosis