Oxygen content/Hemoglobin Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Sigmoidal shape is due to?

A

Positive cooperativity

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2
Q

Myoglobin lacks positive cooperativity because it is?

A

Monomeric

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3
Q

What Right Shifts the curve?

A
Right shift—ACE BATs right handed: 
Acid (1. Due to severe anemia=>lactic acidosis or 2. Hypoventilation=>Resp. Acidosis)
CO2/Cl
Exercise (strenous exercise)
2,3-BPG 
Altitude 
Temperature
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4
Q

Normal Hemoglobin content is about?

A

15 g/dL

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5
Q

O2 content=?

A

(O2 binding capacity (Hb)*% saturation)+Dissolved O2 (PaO2)

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6
Q

In both methemoglobin and Carboxyhemoglobin, you get decreased O2 content because?

A

of decreased O2 saturation

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7
Q

Methemoglobin has affinity for O2 or CN?

A

CN

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8
Q

Methemoglobinemia what two things will you see in the patient?

A

Cyanosis and Chocolate-colored blood**

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9
Q

Tx of Methemoglobinemia?

A

Methylene blue

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10
Q

Induce Methemoglobinemia with?

A

nitrite and sulfa drugs

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11
Q

Where can you also see alot of nitrite?

A

Mountain Streams

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12
Q

Why is Carboxyhemoglobin dangerous?

A

B/c it left shifts the curve

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13
Q

How do you treat Carboxyhemoglobin?

A

100% O2

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14
Q

Typical CO poisoning question stem?

A

Smoke from Fires

Exhaust cars

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15
Q

Earliest sign of CO poisoning?

A

Headache

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16
Q

What other symptom do you see in a patient with CO poisoning?

A

Cherry Red Appearance

17
Q

In anemia and polycythemia, what changes Hb? % sat? Dissolved O2 (PaO2)

18
Q

In CO poisoning what changes?

19
Q

What changes in High Altitude?

A

decreased (PaO2)

20
Q

In high altitude what kind of metabolic change do you get?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

21
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is due to?

A

Peripheral Chemoreceptors telling the body to Hyperventilate

22
Q

What are other changes with high altitude?

A

Findings ways to increase O2 content

  1. Hyperventilation
  2. Increased production of EPO
  3. Increased 2,3 BPG bindings
  4. Increased mitochondria (ATP)
  5. Increased excretion of HCO3- to compensate for Resp. Alkalosis
  6. Hypoxic vasoconstriction
23
Q

With Hypoxic vasoconstriction, what can it lead to?

24
Q

How do you treat resp. alkalosis in high altitude states?

A

Acetazolamide

25
In response to exercise, there are two things that do not change or get more uniform. What are they?
1. No change in PaO2 and PaCO2 | 2. V/Q ratio becomes more uniform
26
During Strenous Exercise, what happens to pH? Due to?
pH decreases due to lactic acidosis
27
By V/Q ratio becoming more uniform, what happens to the dead space?
Decreases
28
No change in PaO2 and PaCO2 means that the rate of blood flow must be?
Equal
29
Most of CO2 is carried in which form?
HCO3
30
Which hemoglobin form does CO2 like?
Taut
31
In the lungs O2 curve is shifted to the left because?
Hb dissociates with H+
32
In the Tissues O2 curve is shifted to the Right because?
Increased H+ from Tissue=>shifts curve to right=>unloads tissue