Pulm. HTN/Pleural Effusions and Pneumothorax Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive vs Central Sleep Apnea?

A

Obstructive=>respiratory effort against airway obstruction

Central=>no respiratory effort due to CNS injury

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2
Q

Young woman w/ exertional dyspnea, Think?

A

Pul. HTN

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3
Q

Explain the course of the pul. HTN?

A

Pul.HTN=>Respiratory Distress (less O2 delivered) =>cyanosis and RVH=>Cor pulmonale (Death)

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4
Q

Pul. HTN results in?

A

arteriosclerosis, medial hypertrophy, intimal fibrosis of pulmonary arteries

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5
Q

PAH cause?

A

Inactivating mutation of BMPR2

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6
Q

The Inactivating mutation of BMPR2 does what?

A

excess vascular smooth muscle proliferation

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7
Q

Reccurent microthrombi can do what to the cross-sectional area of pulmonary vascular bed? MC symptom?

A

Decreased area

Asymp.

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8
Q

Pleural Effusions causes what kind of lung expansion?

A

Restricted

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9
Q

Transudate vs Exudate vs Lymphatic?

A

Transudate: Protein Poor
Exudate: Protein Rich
Lymphatic: Milk

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10
Q

Transudate is due to? Specific gravity less than?

A

Increased Hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure

1.01

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11
Q

Examples of Transudate?

A

HF (increased Hydrostatic pressure)

nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis (decreased oncotic pressure)

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12
Q

Exudate is due to? Specific gravity more than?

A

Increased protein content

1.02

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13
Q

Examples of Exudate?

A

Lymphatic obstruction ƒ
Inflammation/infection ƒ
Malignancy

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14
Q

Exudate should be drained due to?

A

Risk of Infection

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15
Q

Lymphatic is due to?

A

trauma or malignancy

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16
Q

Lymphatic has an increased?

A

TG

17
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Accumulation of air in pleural space

18
Q

Therefore all pneumothorax will have?

A

Hyperresonant

19
Q

Which is the only lung finding where you have late inspiratory crackles with increased fremitus?

A

Consolidation

20
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax trachea deviates?

A

Towards the side

21
Q

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax occurs most frequently in?

A

Tall, thin, young males: think of Zain

22
Q

Tension Pneumothorax trachea deviates?

A

Away the side

23
Q

What is going on in Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Air enters but cannot exit

24
Q

What do you see in a patient with long standing Pul. HTN?

A

Plexiform Lesions