Pulm. HTN/Pleural Effusions and Pneumothorax Flashcards
Obstructive vs Central Sleep Apnea?
Obstructive=>respiratory effort against airway obstruction
Central=>no respiratory effort due to CNS injury
Young woman w/ exertional dyspnea, Think?
Pul. HTN
Explain the course of the pul. HTN?
Pul.HTN=>Respiratory Distress (less O2 delivered) =>cyanosis and RVH=>Cor pulmonale (Death)
Pul. HTN results in?
arteriosclerosis, medial hypertrophy, intimal fibrosis of pulmonary arteries
PAH cause?
Inactivating mutation of BMPR2
The Inactivating mutation of BMPR2 does what?
excess vascular smooth muscle proliferation
Reccurent microthrombi can do what to the cross-sectional area of pulmonary vascular bed? MC symptom?
Decreased area
Asymp.
Pleural Effusions causes what kind of lung expansion?
Restricted
Transudate vs Exudate vs Lymphatic?
Transudate: Protein Poor
Exudate: Protein Rich
Lymphatic: Milk
Transudate is due to? Specific gravity less than?
Increased Hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure
1.01
Examples of Transudate?
HF (increased Hydrostatic pressure)
nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis (decreased oncotic pressure)
Exudate is due to? Specific gravity more than?
Increased protein content
1.02
Examples of Exudate?
Lymphatic obstruction
Inflammation/infection
Malignancy
Exudate should be drained due to?
Risk of Infection
Lymphatic is due to?
trauma or malignancy